ICANN experts decrypt: Chinese rewriting of domain name International rules

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March 1, 2009, Mexico. At the 34th session of the ICANN Annual conference plenary, the ". China" and other non-English domain name suffix Express Channel Implementation Plan (second edition) (IDN CcTLD fast Track implementation plans) is one of the highlights of this meeting.

30 seconds of suffocation.

According to the agenda of the meeting, the official start of the conference is 9:30 minutes, but the clock on the podium was just pointed at 9 o'clock when the huge chamber was packed. Some people are looking at the conference data carefully, while others talk to each other in different versions of spoken English.

Zhang, a Chinese expert from ICANN, sits quietly in the corner of the conference hall. From afar, Zhang's face is very calm, but careful people will find that she placed under the table of the two hands are clasped together.

"Just as the case of English is equivalent to the same, Simplified Chinese is the same as Chinese, so the traditional '. China ' should be written together with simplified '. China ' to the global root domain Name System ', when the General Assembly platform resounding Chinese simultaneous translation came to this content, Zhang can't help waving a clenched fist in the air , blurted out America's new President Barack Obama's campaign slogan "Yes,we can Change" (yes, we can transform).

According to this latest resolution, the future of Chinese in the world according to language habits in the major browser address bar regardless of the input traditional "Peking University. China" form of Chinese domain name, or simplified "Peking University, China" form of Chinese domain name, can achieve the equivalent access to Peking University website.

As part of a global domain name Architecture change, ICANN chairman Tras Peter Dengate Thrush said "This is a historic resolution that will make the Internet more open and more versatile." ”

Yes, we can change, just to wait for the moment of change, many non-English speaking countries, including China, have been waiting for more than 10 years.

10 years of Change brewing

Back to 12 years ago, June 3, 1997, the national authorities formed the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) to exercise the functions of the National Network Information Centre. It can be said that from the date of the establishment of CNNIC, in the global root domain Name System plug in a side of the Chinese flag or can represent China's Chinese identity, a few generations of Chinese Internet technology experts common aspiration.

Faced with the complex technology of Chinese form domain name and the international coordination problem of global Framework agreement, Chinese character ". China" writes a route map of "moving from China to the world" and "moving from the laboratory to the Internet International Standard".

1999, the original Ministry of Information Industry (now the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, hereinafter referred to as MII) officially authorized cnnic for Chinese domain Name System development, opened the Chinese characters into the Internet root domain Name System prologue. November 7, 2000, Mii issued "on the Internet Chinese domain name Management Notice", expressly authorized cnnic for Chinese domain name registration Management organization.

September 2002 in the revision of the "China Internet Domain Name management method", the first clear "Chinese domain name is an important part of our domain Name System." Mii encourages and supports the technical research and application of Chinese domain Name System. November 2002 published the "China Internet domain Name System Bulletin" proposed "China's Internet domain Name System in the top-level domain name ' CN ' outside the" China ", ' Company ' and ' network ' 3 Chinese top-level domain name.

After more than 3 years of technical research and policy promotion, "China" took the lead in the national authorities "Zhongsheng", with the Chinese Internet domain Name System of the official account. However, "China" completely into the global root domain Name System of the journey is just beginning, followed by international standards, browsers and other Internet manufacturers to deploy such work needs to be completed.

The hard journey of international standards

In international standard setting and global network deployment, ". China" has not been so smooth at home. For the first time in March 2001, CNNIC technicians travelled to the United States for the 48th session of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Sadly, however, no foreign expert is willing to listen patiently to the CNNIC technical team's interpretation of the value of Chinese domain names.

CNNIC director Mao Wei used to "feel a solemn and stirring" to describe the state of mind at that time. Xiaodong, deputy director of China Internet Network Information Center, recalls: "The most sad is the time of the meeting, there are only 3 Chinese among the 3,000 people." Don't mention how lonely it was in my heart. "And it is in the solemn and tragic and loneliness of the complex feelings, cnnic technical personnel repeatedly defeated, in the international standards of the long journey to meet difficult."

In order to arouse the Internet community's concern about Chinese domain name, cnnic widely contacted internet organizations with similar problems, and established the Chinese Domain Name Coordination Association (CDNC) with the Internet Information Center of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to study the technical problems of Chinese domain name. Subsequently, Japan and Korea, which had the same variant equivalence, joined in, forming the joint Working Group jet. The concentration of these forces and the accumulation of sound unified, and finally aroused the attention of the IETF-the initiative to invite CNNIC to attend the conference, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent international standards, but also for other languages to solve variant problems set an example.

April 14, 2004, Cnnic United Twnic, Jpnic, Krnic, the "China-Japan-South Korea multilingual domain name registration standard" was officially issued by the IETF as RFC3743, this is the second IETF standard. October 13, 2006, the IETF officially issued by the CNNIC-led "Chinese Domain name registration and management standards", numbered RFC4713, which is the cnnic-led development of the second Internet international standards. At this point, ". China" to write global root domain Name System of technical difficulties or international standards to resolve one by one.

The end of the ". China" domain name opens soon

June 27, 2008, ICANN voted at the 32nd annual session to adopt the resolution "allowing the use of other languages such as Chinese as the internet's top-level domain characters". This means that the Internet will be the first ". China" Such a non-English domain name suffix, pure Chinese national code top-level domain "China domain name" will be formally integrated into the Internet, as a Chinese culture on the network of the national symbol on the stage of history.

In October 2008, ICANN launched a global deployment survey of non-English domain name suffixes such as "China" and selected its first stop in China. ICANN's president and CEO Paul Toumes said that the ". China" domain name written to the global root domain Name System has been basically shaped.

In November 2008, the 33rd annual ICANN conference issued the ". China" and other non-English domain name suffix Fast Track implementation plan (draft), and in the ICANN strategic plan work focus, said, "China" global deployment is ICANN's top ten priorities in the next 3 years.

March 2009, ICANN resolution, traditional ". China" and "Chinese" written together in the global root domain Name System, ". China" the challenges of global deployment are being cracked down, with the ". China" domain name as the gateway to the pure Chinese internet age is coming.

In order to fully understand the progress and situation of the global deployment of the ". China" domain name, "Internet weekly" exclusively interviewed the ICANN Chinese expert Zhang and cnnic, the relevant head of Qilin.

"Internet weekly": Simplified ". China" What is the point of writing to the global root domain system at the same time?

Zhang: From the national level, the resolution strongly defended the global root domain Name System in the field of China's sovereignty integrity and image unity. From the enterprise level, the resolution effectively guarantees the uniqueness and centralization of the Chinese network brand of the enterprise. From the perspective of culture and Netizen, the resolution makes the diversity of Chinese culture pass through the Internet and respects the language habits of Chinese netizens in different regions, making Chinese people all over the world no matter what operating system they are based on, whether they are in favor of traditional Chinese characters or simplified characters, they can enjoy the fun and convenience of

"Internet weekly": Simplified ". China" will also write to the global root domain Name System, CNNIC will introduce those measures to deal with?

Qilin: Combined with ICANN's latest ". China" Global deployment plan, CNNIC launched the "China Domain name global upgrade Action" policy will be adjusted to: All "Chinese." CN "Domain name of the registered users, will automatically get the corresponding" Chinese, Chinese "complex simplified domain name.

Internet Weekly: When will ICANN officially complete its global deployment of "China", and when would netizens be able to use it in a browser?

Zhang: We are not yet accurate in predicting time, but it is certain that ICANN is steadily advancing the global deployment of ". China" domain names. As ICANN's chairman, Tras, said, "This is a historic resolution," which determines that ICANN must pursue the principles of prudence, stability and security, and that there will be a lot of policy-setting, technical testing, and so on, that we need to be step and solidly pushed forward.

Qilin: We will closely follow the latest developments in the global deployment of ICANN's ". China" domain name and inform the public of the relevant information in a timely manner.