"Network retail payment and settlement"--chapter one introduction to Network retailing payment and settlement

Chapter One introduction to Network retailing payment and settlement

The first section of network retail payment and settlement and its research object

The research object of network retail payment and settlement

(i) Criteria for the establishment of subject research subjects

The research object is a high generalization of the scope and content of a subject. To determine the meaning of research objects is the starting point of discipline research, only the establishment of research object, can establish a scientific discipline system. Any subject has its specific object of study, the subject of which is not a specific subject can not be called as an independent discipline, and the difference between the subjects is the fundamental difference between the subject.

There is no unified understanding of the criteria for the establishment of subject research objects, but it is generally believed that subjects should be able to answer two questions: What to study? Why is it necessary to study? Thus, three criteria for selecting subject are formed: particularity, generality and usefulness. The first two criteria are addressed to question one, and the third is for the second.

1. The particularity of the research object

The particularity of the research object is the special contradiction that the subject should focus on to solve the fundamental difference between the subject and other subjects. In contradiction theory, Mao Zedong pointed out that "the distinction of scientific research is based on the special contradictions of scientific objects." Therefore, the study of a certain contradiction peculiar to the field of a certain phenomenon constitutes the object of a certain science. "Surely, if we do not recognize the universality of contradiction, it is impossible to find out the general reason or the universal basis of the development of things, but if we do not study the particularity of the contradiction, it is impossible to determine the special nature of a thing different from his, and it is impossible to find out the special reason for the development of the movement of things, or the special basis , it is impossible to distinguish between the fields of scientific research. Mao Zedong's object in this case is actually the object of study. Engels pointed out: "Every science is the analysis of a certain other movement form or a series of interrelated and transformation of the form of movement, so the scientific classification is that these forms of movement itself is based on the inherent order of the classification and arrangement, and its importance is here." "The French sociologist, Emil Durkheim, also pointed out that" a science can become a true science only when it truly establishes its own individuality and is truly independent of other disciplines. The reason why a science can become a special subject is that it is not studied by other subjects. If every science studies the same phenomena, or the same concepts can be applied without distinction to different kinds of things, then there will be no science. "It can be seen that the unique research object is to measure whether the subject is independent of the standard, the difference between the subjects is the difference between the research objects."

2. Summary of research content

The generality of the research content is whether the research object can generalize and reflect the research content. Xuying, a famous accounting master in China, believes that "the object of a subject is the concentration and generalization of the relevant content in its specific field, which is always carried out in this discipline." "The object of study is the thing that best reflects the essence of theory, with a summary, abstract, concise features, once the abstract definition, with relative stability, generally will not easily change; The research content is specific and rich to the research object, with the development of the subject, the research thorough and the practice need unceasingly expands and enriches, has the diverse, specific and changing characteristics. However, the contents of these studies should be consistent with the subjects in essence, otherwise, the existence of subject research object is questionable. In addition, the emphasis on the subject is not in conflict with the idea that the logical starting point of the discipline should be located at the target (such as the basic knowledge of strategic management accounting at home). The goal of discipline may exist the level of the final goal, the direct goal and the specific goal, but the research object is the core of the subject's goal.

3, the usefulness of research value

The study of the usefulness of the research object itself must be meaningful to the research subject, can help the research subject to understand the world, explain the world and transform the world, if this can not be done, even if it is special, there is no need to exist. Marx pointed out in the Economic philosophy manuscripts of 1844 that the study of objects was his object to him, depending on the nature of the object and the nature of the essential force to which it was adapted, because it was the prescriptive form of the relationship-a special, realistic way of affirming. Practical criteria to answer questions about why the discipline exists.

(b) The establishment of the research object of network retailing payment and settlement

The network retail payment and settlement is a study to liquidate the ownership of the creditor's rights and debts arising from the exchange of goods or labor activities, from the payer's account to the payee's account, and to carry out the accounting processing and account records among the financial institutions of the receiving and payer. In order to complete the final transfer of monetary ownership of the process and behavior and the special movement of a discipline.

1. The particularity of the research object of network retail payment and settlement

Network retail payment and settlement is to pay off through the Internet in the commercial transactions occurred between the main body, the exchange of goods or labor activities arising from the debt-money relationship ownership, from the payer account transfer to the payee account, and in the collection and payment of financial institutions for accounting processing, books records, To complete the process and behavior of the final transfer of monetary ownership.

The exchange of human beings has a history of more than thousands of years, from the earliest barter to the exchange of currency, to the modern meaning of the commodity economy. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, new scientific and technological applications in the exchange of goods, the emergence of newspapers, magazines and other printed materials, radios, radio, television, vending machines and other machinery, electronic means to achieve commodity exchange business model, But these modes of commodity exchange have not fundamentally changed the traditional mode of business operation which has formed in the past thousands of years, that is, a spot transaction between the subjects exchanged in the physical market, "hand-made money" (where the "money" is generally the form of tangible currency cash) (The forward transaction later developed into an important commercial form), And online retail trade is a breakthrough in the physical market constraints, use Network to link the main trade, and use the network to change the tangible currency as the electronic money, to realize the payment of payment and the transfer of the ownership of electronic currency, the goods through the Third party logistics service to the network buyers, the completion of the goods and loan ownership of each other, finally formed the network retail market.

Network retailing refers to the sale of goods or services to the needs of individuals or families through the Internet or other electronic channels. This definition includes all E-commerce activities for end customers (rather than productive customers), i.e. business-to-business to customer (consumer), or net Trader to customer (Consumer-to-consumer) rather than enterprise. The use of the Internet to publish merchandise information, promotion of enterprises or commodity brands and other commercial activities, although all belong to the category of consumer, but because there is no "net goods <=> net Payment" online (on-line) direct transactions, but in the traditional retail channels to complete transactions or offline transactions, belonging to the traditional retail category, Thus does not belong to this book discusses the network retail category. In the strict sense of the network retail is the network between the Internet merchants and the network to carry out the net goods and net payment in the Internet ownership of mutual transfer business activities. Cash on delivery is still the traditional currency or use mobile POS machine to complete payment, does not have the characteristics of online payment. Therefore, the network retail payment and settlement basically does not study the content of cash payment and settlement, but studies the transfer of the capital flow in the network retail transaction through the Internet banking organization through the third party payment institution.

2. The summary of the research content of network retail payment and settlement

Any normative economic research must have its core concept, which is a highly logical abstraction of many economic phenomena. The concept must be based on facts and at the same time a high degree of generalization of the facts. The core concept of network retail payment and settlement is: to liquidate the ownership of the monetary relationship of the creditor's rights and liabilities arising from the exchange of goods or labor activities, from the payer's account to the payee's account, and between the financial institutions of the receiving and the payer, the accounting records, the books, Based on the process and behavior of the final transfer of currency ownership and its special movement, a group of concept clusters formed by the high generalization of the capital flow and its special movement law in the transaction, the core concept cluster itself constitutes a complete theoretical system of the network retailing payment and settlement discipline. This concept cluster includes one level concept: Network retail payment and settlement; the second level concept four: Network retail payment and settlement principle, network retail payment and settlement tool, network retail payment and settlement industry, network retail payment and settlement supervision; three concept 17: Exchange, Retail, currency, payment and settlement, payment and settlement tools ; electronic banking, online banking, third party payment, net payment and settlement, network retail logistics payment and settlement, network retail platform service fee payment and settlement, network retail tax payment and settlement, network retail accounting and audit, network retail payment and settlement risk, electronic currency supervision, internet banking Supervision, third party payment supervision. A number of four-level concepts (this is not detailed, see the text of this book), as shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1: "Network retail payments and settlement" discipline level three concept cluster

II. Network Retail payment and settlement discipline positioning

(a) network retailing payment and settlement is an applied economics subject which belongs to the broad category of economics

Economics is the general name of various disciplines on the theoretical, applied, historical and relevant methods of human economic activities and various economic relations. Economics can also be called Economic Science (economic Sciences). is to study the various needs of human beings and their societies at each stage of their development, and to meet the needs of the activities and laws of the discipline. Economics (Economics) is called the "Queen of the Social sciences". Economic resources are always scarce relative to people's desires. Economics is the science of how to rationally allocate and make full use of scarce economic resources to satisfy people's various demands. Microeconomics and macroeconomics are the foundations of economics. Microeconomics is the study of economic behavior of individual economic units in a society, and how the individual values of corresponding economic variables are determined by economics, also known as Market economics or price theory, whose central theory is price theory. Macroeconomics is the research object of the whole process of national economy, mainly studies the total employment level, gross national income and other economic aggregates, macroeconomics is also called employment theory or income theory.

Theoretical economics deals with the basic concepts and principles of economics, as well as the general laws of economic operation and development, which provide basic theory for various economic disciplines. Applied economics mainly refers to the basic principles of applying theoretical economics to study the regularity of economic activities and economic relations in various sectors of the national economy, various fields of specialization, or to the economic and social benefits of non-economic activities. It can be divided into a number of branches, including the economic activities of individual departments of national economy as subjects of study, such as agricultural economics, industrial economics, Business Economics, architectural economics, transport economics, finance and so on. Network retail payment and settlement is a branch of finance, the latest development of finance in the internet age. The network retail payment and settlement is the inevitable product of the development and prosperity of the network retailing industry, as shown in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2: The position of "network retailing payment and settlement" in "economics"

(b) Online retail payment and settlement is an interdisciplinary subject of applied economics

Network retailing is a new mode of commodity circulation in modern circulation industry-------------------------------Network Network retail payment and settlement is an interdisciplinary subject between finance, business economics and network retailing, as shown in Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3: Network retail payment and settlement and finance, business economics, internet retailing Science interdisciplinary

and "Network retail payment and settlement," closely related but different disciplines include: finance, circulation economics, retail science, E-commerce, network payments and settlement, Third-party payments and settlement.

1, finance is based on the financing of monetary and monetary financial activities for the study, the specific study of individuals, institutions, government how to obtain, spending and management of funds and other financial assets of the subject, is a division from the economics of the discipline. But the traditional finance theory to the money in the network retail trade in what has changed, what kind of tools to complete its trading, what kind of movement law, how to the network retail payment and settlement supervision is basically not involved, even if there is very superficial.

2. Business Economics

Commercial economics is mainly to study the general law of trade circulation, the research object is "business flow, logistics, information flow, capital flow" in traditional business model, especially in the focus of "business flow", but it does not study capital flow.

3. Retail Science

The retail industry is an ancient industry, the human being carries on the effective retail activity to have thousands of years of history, retail theory is mainly to the human Chita years of retail activities of the law of Summary and research, but by the limitations of the Times and history, the traditional retail theory is basically not involved in the network era of network retail business model, even if there is only "Skimming".

4. E-Commerce

E-commerce research on the network economy, the general rules of Internet transactions among the various market entities, and its network of E-commerce retail business model of the financial flow of the law has not made a systematic, in-depth research and disclosure.

5. Network Payment and settlement

Network payment and settlement research on the general Law of network payment and settlement, only on the network payment and settlement of the big aspects of the study, it does not study the network retail business model of capital flow law. Because of its lack of systematic research on the network retailing mode, the research on the law of payment and settlement and the structure of theory system are very insufficient, therefore, it is very necessary to grasp the law of payment and settlement in the whole law of the network retailing transaction.

6. Network retailing

Network retailing is an applied economics science which studies the transaction activity and the special Movement rule of the network goods (including tangible goods and intangible services) and the net payment ownership between the manufacturer and the end consumer. In general, it studies the four streams "business flows, the whole movement law of the Logistics, information flow and capital flow, but the capital flow is not the focus of the research, and the capital flow is the key part of any commercial transaction activity.

In summary, the above disciplines from different aspects of contact and more or less involved in the book "Network retail Payments and settlement" research topics. "Network retailing payment and settlement" inherits and absorbs the different advantages and research results of the above-mentioned books, not only emphasizes the inheritance and continuity of the research on discipline development, but also emphasizes the particularity of the research on the operation rules of the network retailing. According to professional, attentive, focus, highlighting its own law of the new business model of network retailing, and constantly exploring the future development trend of network retailing and its payment and settlement, it makes this research has its frontier, professional and application. This book is based on "original theory", "Tool Theory", "Industry Theory", "Development Theory", "the" Five theories "as the skeleton, plus the" introduction "together constitute the logical structure of the core proposition of" network retailing payment and settlement ", with its unique research perspective, research structure and research methods, and finance, retail science, E-commerce, "Third-party payments", "internet retailing," and other similar books.

Research on the significance of network retailing payment and settlement

The research on the significance of network retailing payment and settlement is manifold, which can be discussed from four aspects of economics subject construction, government, enterprise and consumer.

1, the study of network retail payment and settlement is conducive to the establishment of a perfect economic discipline system, to make up for economic theory to explain the current sluggish economy, the theoretical guidance of the lack of practical guidance of the weaknesses, to enhance the economics of the current new economy, especially the network retail economic phenomenon of interpretation and theoretical guidance of The network retail payment and settlement becomes an important applied economics discipline, which fills the theoretical gap of applied economics, thus helps to establish and perfect the discipline system of modern economics.

2, the study of network retail payment and settlement is conducive to the government to promote and guide the modern circulation industry, especially the network as the media Network retail business healthy development. The government must have corresponding theory to support the policy of making scientific network retailing industry. And the network retail payment and settlement is a study to pay off through the Internet of commercial transactions between the subject of commodity exchange or labor activities arising from the creditor's rights and liabilities of the money transfer from the payer account to the payee account, and in the collection, Accounting treatment between the financial institutions of the payer, book records, in order to complete the final transfer of currency ownership of the process and behavior and the special movement of a discipline, so that the government agencies and related personnel as the development of the network retail industry macro-policy, optimize the industrial organization and industrial structure to provide theoretical basis and empirical data.

3, Research network retail payment and settlement is beneficial to the network retail trading platform operators or independent retail Web site agencies, personnel and network operators to choose the right investment areas, but also conducive to the social institutions and personnel to set up a network of retail trading platform or shop, to enrich the network retail business, analysis of network retail market competition Therefore, the correct competitive strategy and skills should be established to maintain the competitive advantage of the supply main body and intermediary of the network retail market.

4, the study of network retail payment and settlement is conducive to network operators to ensure that the net payment security, speed up the net payment flow speed, improve the efficiency of capital use, grasp the reasonable way of financing.

5, the study of network retail payment and settlement is conducive to network buyers to circumvent the risk of online shopping, the right to protect their legitimate rights and interests, rational network to purchase activities, the use of online retail delivery of tangible goods and services to improve and enhance their quality of life.

Section two theory system of network retailing payment and settlement

Network Retail Trading Model

1. Network Retail Trading Model

The general rules of network retailing are illustrated with the available network retail transaction SHB model, as shown in Figure 1.4.

Figure 1.4: Network Retail "NET goods-net Payment" transaction SHB model

2, SHB Model: Network Retail transaction "NET goods 〈=〉 net Payment" special operating law

Rule one: In the network retail trade occurs the network merchant's "net goods" and the net buyer's "net payment" in the time, the space and the ownership movement transformation. --Business flow

Rule two: Time movement. NET payment flow and logistics time lag: NET Payment instant Tatsu (this is by electronic money Network information speed of light movement characteristics decided), logistics lag arrived (this is by the net goods public, iron, sea, air and other logistics tools to run speed decision); NET payment and net goods start time is different, time order is: ①→②→③→④. --Capital Flow

Rule three: space movement. NET goods and net Money movement direction is exactly the opposite; The net goods took place the space displacement, but the net payment only took place the ownership transfer, did not have the space displacement. (This is determined by the virtual space of an important characteristic of the network, the electronic currency only takes ownership conversion in the network virtual space)--logistics

Rule four: Transfer of ownership movement. Network retail transactions before the "net goods" and the net buyer of "net payment" of the ownership of the net buyer after the transaction of "net goods" and the net merchant to "net payment" ownership. --Information flow

The theoretical framework of network retailing payment and settlement

The whole book of network retail payment and settlement can be divided into six parts.

The first part is introduction, this paper mainly states the research object, research content of network retail payment and settlement, the subject status of network retailing payment and settlement, the theory system of network retail payment and settlement, the research method of network retail payment and settlement, etc. It is the leading content of the book.

The second part is the original theory, the main statement of the exchange and retail production and development, currency as the exchange of intermediary production and development, to the currency, banks for payment and settlement tools of the production and development, payment settlement tool evolution law and so on.

The third part is the tool discourse, this paper mainly states the three kinds of tools used in the flow of funds in the network retail trade, that is, the payment currency is the electronic money, the payment settlement organization is the Internet bank, the payment settlement channel is the third party payment, and the mutual interdependence and mutual promotion of the internal logical relationship.

The forth part is the industrial theory, this paper mainly studies the main payment settlement currency revenue direction of the industrial chain in the network retailing industry. This article mainly states that the network retail payment settlement occurs because of the demand for the right and obligation of the network retail transaction, that is to point to the net payment settlement of the object, including the first distribution in society, respectively, point to as the network of goods suppliers, as a network of goods flow and services of third-party logistics providers, The network retail trading platform operator, as the network retail trading platform service provider, acts as the second government tax in the society, as well as the necessary network retailing accounting and auditing to ensure that these distributions can be transparent, fair, fair and open in the whole distribution process.

Part Five is the development of the current and future trends in the network retail transactions, mainly in the Cross-border network of retail payment and settlement, mobile network retail business and payment, network retail settlement space agglomeration: settlement Center.

Part VI is the regulatory discourse, this paper mainly state the government's supervision of the internet retailing industry. In order to ensure the normal and healthy development of network retailing, to enlarge and strengthen the network retailing industry, and to ensure the welfare of all members of the society, as the provider of social public products, the government that fulfills the functions of social public administration has the responsibility and obligation to supervise the network retailing industry. Therefore, this chapter as the network retail payment settlement of the organic components and important content, placed in the last part of the book.

Among them, the third part of the tool theory, part IV of the industrial discourse, Part VI of the regulatory discourse together constitute a network of retail payment settlement of the actual commercial operation of several important components, together constitute a complete whole, as shown in Figure 1.5.

Figure 1.5: The logical structure diagram of the network retail payment and settlement

Section Three research methods of network retailing payment and settlement

When constructing the discipline system of network retailing payment and settlement, we must attach great importance to scientific research methods. Only the retail payment and settlement of network network based on scientific research method, can obtain the broad explanation power and to the actual economic operation guidance power, because the economics task is not only to know the world, the scientific explanation network retailing This new commodity circulation new mode and the economic phenomenon, more importantly is directs the network retailing the economic practice. According to the research object, subject nature and the complexity of the research content of the network retail payment and settlement, the research on the network retail payment and settlement has several methods, mainly including:

1, the combination of macro-analysis and micro-analysis method

The network retail payment and settlement is a study to pay off the creditor's right of the money relationship between the exchange of commercial transactions or the labor activities arising from the Internet, from the payer's account to the payee's account, and to carry out the accounting treatment and account records between the financial institutions of the receiving and payer. In order to complete the final transfer of monetary ownership of the process and behavior and the special movement of a discipline. In the study of network retail payment settlement, we need to use micro-analysis method to master the characteristics of the micro-economic subjects within the network retail payment settlement, and to conduct research in a targeted manner. This paper studies the law of the change of network retailing in the whole economic development and the influence on the total economic quantity. Only by combining macro analysis and microcosmic analysis effectively can we fully understand the regularity of the generation, development and change of network retailing payment settlement, and correctly deal with the problems appearing in the process of network retailing economy development.

2, empirical analysis and normative analysis of the combination of methods

Empirical research is the basic method of the research on network retailing payment and settlement. Empirical research is a method to describe, analyze and explain the actual operation of social economy. Through analyzing the process and law of the actual economic operation, the empirical research shows that the social economic phenomenon is "what is actually", it does not involve the evaluation of the actual economic operation condition and the consequence, and does not answer the question of the social economic phenomenon. Normative research is the method to analyze how the social economy should operate. Standardize the study of social and economic operation of the process and results to make theoretical analysis and value judgments, evaluate the pros and cons, to answer the social and economic phenomenon "What should be" problem, through a certain value standards for judgment and reasoning, to find a better management of network retail payment settlement development methods and measures. In the research of online retail payment settlement, we should combine the empirical analysis and normative analysis, and not separate the two, we should pay attention to the empirical analysis, and the normative analysis, first of all empirical research, and then the normative research, play the network retail payment and settlement in revealing the network retail industry development Law, Promote the role of the network retail development industry exhibition.

3, static analysis and dynamic analysis combined method

Static analysis is the analysis of things at a certain point or cross section of the situation and with regular characteristics of the method, this method is helpful to understand the situation of things, to facilitate comparative research, analysis of the network retail payment settlement problems, targeted to solve. However, the network retailing is always in constant development and change, research the development and change law of the network retail payment settlement, and must use the method of dynamic analysis, this method is more advantageous to reveal the law of the development of things. In many cases, static analysis is the starting point and foundation of dynamic analysis, and the research on network retailing payment and settlement pays more attention to dynamic development, and dynamic research is the main method to study network retailing payment and settlement.

4. The method of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis

Qualitative analysis is a general and regular summary of the content of network retail payment settlement research, which does not involve specific and quantitative calculations. The quantitative analysis method has definite quantitative content, it establishes certain economic mathematic model, determines the measurement value of the relevant quantity in the network retail payment settlement, it involves the concrete quantity calculation. Qualitative analysis is the precondition of quantitative analysis, which can reduce the complexity and difficulty of quantitative analysis, deepen qualitative analysis, make qualitative analysis materialized, quantified, accurate and operable.

5, statistical analysis and comparative analysis of the combination of methods

The paper studies the method of statistical analysis in the network retail payment settlement, explores the existing rules of the network retail payment settlement, sums up the representative general network retail Payment settlement law, and guides the development of the network retailing industry. Because of different countries, different regions of the network retailing in different economic stages, different conditions, the development of the network retail performance of different forms, but also the use of comparative analysis methods, a large number of network retail data analysis, analysis of the network of retail and network retail relations between countries, and the country's resources, population, economic conditions, Cultural tradition and other related, comparative analysis, from which to draw relevant conclusions and experience, the development of national economies. Therefore, it is necessary to combine statistical analysis with comparative analysis to study network retailing payment and settlement.