Solving the problem of blocking the city

Solve the "block" city Difficulties (i) Editor: Solemn choreographer: Zhang Zixian Li Wenjia Amulis camera: 刘勋, Goncon, Chang just past the National Day holiday, gave us a rare break time. For many motorists, however, the holiday has been a bit scary because of heavy traffic jams in the major cities before the festival. What is the reason for the city roads into a parking lot? What are the problems of urban development that are reflected in the traffic jam?　　Starting from October 7, "Economic half-hour" column will be Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, the three major cities in the traffic situation to do a field survey, we first look at the situation in Beijing.　　Maguime, who lives in Tongzhou District, Beijing, is an employee of a technology company in Zhongguancun, and every day he gets up early to catch up.　　Maguime: Usually take the bus, today may be only to take the subway, because of the rain, Beijing may be more crazy plugging.　　Reporter: Then we look at the time, it is 6:30, we followed Maguime, a piece to experience her trip to work.　　Maguime: The Long March begins. Maguime from the home of Tongzhou Tuan to Zhongguancun units, first to take a bus to Tongzhou Beiyuan subway station, Maguime told reporters, because it is predicate, usually waiting for a bus, sometimes, several cars she is difficult to squeeze up.　　The reporter accompanies Maguime to squeeze the vehicle, the car.　　Reporter: Usually crowded hard? Maguime: A very powerful reporter: There is a seat.　　Maguime: Yes, because the starting station.　　Journalist: There is no seat when you are slow.　　Maguime: There is no seat in the slow squeeze, if you can come up earlier there is a seat.　　Reporter: How long will this section take?　　Maguime: Maybe half an hour.　　Journalist: About half an hour?　　Maguime: Yes.　　Because the car is much, the bus walks very slowly, the conductor has been accustomed to such speed. Reporter: Usually blocked?　　Way。　　Conductor: Usually still, usually on the road more cars, before there are so many cars.　　Maguime told reporters, such as the average speed can reach 15 kilometers of the bus, in the commuting time of Beijing is not the slowest, their own from home to the company is more than 40 kilometers, take the bus at least 3 hours.　　Reporter: How long will it take you to get from home to your unit?　　Maguime: three hours.　　Reporter: This way three hours, one-way.　　Maguime: One-way.　　Journalist: There are 6 hours of time on the road every day.　　After the bus arrived, Maguime spent 10 minutes walking from the bus stop to the entrance of the subway station.　　Subsequently, the reporter and Maguime joined together in the long team.　　Journalist: It took us 10 minutes to get to the pit stop from the import line.　　Maguime: It's usually 15 minutes.　　Reporter: Can you go?　　Maguime: I don't know, try.　　Reporter: What line do we want to change now?　　Maguime: Transfer to line Line 1.　　Reporter: To the opposite platform. MaguiMay: Yes, right.　　Reporter: The board opens and we can walk over.　　Maguime: But he must be so designed.　　Maguime: Just for diversion.　　Journalist: for diversion.　　Reporter: Is it possible to have a seat?　　Maguime: Impossible, impossible, do not have their own bag lost, even if good.　　Reporter: This is just a car, we wait for the next one.　　Maguime: The next one may not go up, it may have to wait a few.　　Reporter: Can't get into this station.　　Maguime: Yes.　　Reporter: Wait for the next trip.　　Reporter: Usually is this?　　Maguime: Every day.　　Reporter: Very physical exercise.　　Maguime: Yes, so a lot of people say they had a big belly and then squeezed the subway and got thinner.　　Maguime told reporters, such as huidong such a transfer, the whole journey needs to go through three times, most of the time, light spent on the transfer and queuing time to more than 1 hours.　　Maguime: Later to trade, to change the line Line 10.　　Reporter: Line Line 10, and then another number of lines?　　Maguime: Then switch to line Line 13.　　After a three-hour trek, Maguime arrived at the unit, it was 9:35 in the morning.　　Journalist: Will the company be punished for being late?　　Maguime: One months allowed four times to be late.　　Journalist: Allow four times to be late. Maguime: The money is going to be fined.　　Because of this traffic jam, we spent a lot of time on the road, everyone is still very tired, to the company has to adjust for a long time, to enter the working state, and then the company also suffered losses, we also suffered losses, so in the end this is not a win-lose situation, but a loss.　　In order not to delay the work, Maguime simply bought an inflatable mattress, every day to live in the office.　　Maguime: I blow every night.　　Reporter: How long is it going to blow?　　Maguime: Blow 50. From Tongzhou to Zhongguancun, this section of more than 30 kilometers of the road, Maguime every morning to spend three hours to walk through. Wasted a lot of time not to say, on this part of the work road to pay the physical strength and energy is enough for her. In fact, she always wanted to buy a car, Maguime said, but she gave up after thinking twice. Why would she rather squeeze the subway and not drive to work by herself?　　The reporter followed a driver, Mr. Pan, to experience the road traffic in Beijing.　　Reporter: It is 7:45 in the morning, I accompany the driver pen together to experience the driving road.　　Pen told reporters, from home to the company, Beijing Tong Fast is his first test every day, this is less than 10 kilometers of "expressway" often to open one hours, even so, 10 dollars of tolls or a point can not be less.　　Reporter: The front has been completely blocked to move.　　Pen: BEIJING-Qualcomm high-speed is often like this, it can be said that every day if, Monday to Friday, this time period, are so 1.1 points to go forward.　　Reporter: How much speed can we get now?　　Pen: now 10 mph.　　Journalist: It's not much faster than walking. Remember: Here is the Beijing-Qualcomm Fast East-west direction, not to the bridge exit, we can see that the front has begun to congestion.　　Reporter saw, because of congestion, emergency lane is also crowded with vehicles, one hours later, the driver pen finally drove out of Beijing-pass fast.　　Journalist: If you don't get stuck in traffic, how long can you drive this car like this?　　Pen: No traffic jam is fast, more than 10 minutes, it's OK.　　The vehicle passed the Gaobeidian Bridge, and then into the East four ring road, but the road here is as congested as the driver pen told reporters, four ring car speed slowly is normal, the most let his headache or often encounter accidents caused congestion.　　Pen: It's even worse if you say the road is a bit more traffic accident.　　Reporter: How long does the road take?　　Pen: Now count the time, about 2.5 hours.　　Reporter: 2.5 hours, today is fast or slow?　　Pen: Today, I think the traffic today is OK, today is fast, and there is no accident on the road, I see today on the road is not too much, the whole is OK.　　Journalist: 2.5 hours.　　Pen: Right.　　October 8 is the first working day after the National Day holiday, the reporter came to Beijing East Chang ' an street, still less than 8 o'clock in the morning East Chang ' an street has been very congested, from the third ring down the road has been blocked into a large parking lot.　　Driver: It's jammed too much now.　　Reporter: How long do you have to block on average every day?　　Driver: I usually do not dare to go in the morning, go the best night, 10 o'clock out, normal in this to block 2.5 hours. 9 o'clock in the morning, the reporter came to Beijing West Third Ring bridge under the Princess Grave, the road here is also in congestion. According to the Department of Statistics, Beijing in the peak period of only the main road driving and congestion of the vehicle is close to 3 million, this figure is far from the peak time in Beijing at the same time the total number of vehicles.　　The economic damage caused by the traffic jam is not statistically authoritative, but let's calculate that the fuel for each car is only one hour for each vehicle if it is 1 litres of fuel a year, only the peak period of the 3 million cars in the main road congestion of the fuel volume to calculate that its economic losses will be more than more than 20 million. Whether by bus or by car, for many Beijing residents, commuting time is measured in hours per day. In the September 17 before the festival, Beijing has been the worst of the history of a major traffic jam, the late peak congestion road peak of more than 140, the city's road traffic almost paralyzed. Why is the traffic pressure in Beijing still high after the implementation of various comprehensive measures such as tail limit line?　　The reporter also interviewed the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau traffic Authority News Office Wanghai police officer. Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, press office, police officer Wanghaiwanghai: the day before the Mid-Autumn Festival, we statistics, the city's car ownership has been a breakthrough of 4.53 million vehicles, and since this year the number (growth) more and more quickly, now we have statistics every day in Beijing light net increase in motor vehicles is more than 2000 vehicles, in the Mid-Autumn Festival before theA week, a week new motor vehicles are more than 16,000, so many people bought a new car, that must be every day morning and evening rush hour when he will drive to the road, that time so many cars, concentrated in Beijing road traffic pressure on the big imagine.　　Wanghai told reporters, in order to ease the traffic pressure on the road in Beijing, the Police traffic management department also thought a lot of ways. Wanghai: Increase the police force on the road, through the people's guidance to let us traffic normal operation.　　For example, now every day, in addition to our grassroots brigade in the civilian police in the guidance, all the organs of the police, to the secretary down to every organ of the police, then will be in the morning and evening peak, on the road on duty.　　Reporter learned that the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in increasing the intensity of information dissemination at the same time, but also strengthen the violation of tail restrictions, such as penalties, but Wanghai also frankly, with the increasing growth of motor vehicles, some like tail limit such measures, the effect is gradually weakened.　　Wanghai: Because the current flow of rising, especially the constant increase in the number of motor vehicles, the effect of this tail limit is gradually weakened, because the amount of motor vehicles is increased after all.　　Wanghai told reporters that traffic as a systematic project, only by the management department of one effort is far from enough.　　Wanghai: Our public Security Traffic Management Department is only responsible for some management of road and traffic order, then from traffic planning, including some road traffic management, including some facilities planning, all need to rely on many government departments to complete the work. A lot of Beijing residents still remember, December 7, 2001 a snow once let Beijing whole city become a huge parking lot. At that time in Beijing, the amount of motor vehicles was 100来万辆, now the city's motor vehicle volume has turned four times times more, but the same period of urban Road area has grown less than one times. Car more road less sharp contradictions for a while difficult to ease, how can we ensure that the road unblocked up? Behind the increasing traffic pressure in Beijing, there is a sharp increase in the number of vehicle ownership. Cars on the road are rising at speeds of more than 1000 vehicles a day, and the already limited road resources are becoming more tense. As an international metropolis, New York has entered the auto age earlier than Beijing, and how does it face the attendant traffic test? The Lincoln Tunnel is the strategic passage between in and out of Manhattan, New York, and every day there are traffic jams. How does the New York Transportation Department alleviate the problem? The Lincoln Tunnel is the strategic passage between in and out of Manhattan, consisting of three tunnels, six lanes, which can adjust the release plan flexibly according to the flow of traffic. Every morning, the traffic flow into Manhattan is much larger than the flow of the island, then the middle of a tunnel to all the two lanes into the direction of the city, a total of 4 lanes leading to New York. During the late peak hours of work, the two lanes were adjusted to the direction of the city.　　Other bridges and tunnels linking Manhattan and the surrounding areas of New York have adopted similar measures to some extent easing road congestion. Lu Huapu Lu Huapu, director of the Institute of Transportation, Tsinghua University: this managementThe method has greatly improved the utilization efficiency of road facilities. A change in lane can make a very good use of existing road systems. Beijing is currently involved in urban planning, which is essentially a single central structure.　　Everyone early peak in all directions to the urban area, to the evening leaving Beijing in the direction of vehicles, the opposite side of the vehicle is particularly small, this phenomenon is called tidal traffic, is very suitable to change the control mode of the lane. In Manhattan, parking for an hour costs more than 10 dollars, or even twenty or thirty dollars. This year, the city government raised the cheapest roadside parking to $2.5 per hour, with strict restrictions on parking locations, duration and types of vehicles. In addition, because of the scarcity of roadside parking places in Manhattan to find parking is a test of luck, turning for half an hour without parking is common. Under the double pressure of money and patience, many people give up driving to town. New Yorkers: I go to work by subway, listen to driving friends say traffic is very tight, parking space is difficult to find, carelessly also need to eat a ticket. Friday 9 o'clock in the morning is the morning rush hour in Manhattan. Reporters along the route out of the city through the Lincoln Tunnel, the vehicle in the direction of the town has been lined up, moving slowly. However, one of the most inward-driving lanes that take out of the city's direction is in sharp contrast to the slow flow of traffic into the cities. The reporter found that only the bus was traveling on this road. This is because, during the peak period from Monday to Friday, the Traffic management department will temporarily convert one lane out of the city direction to a public bus line and strictly prohibit other vehicles from entering the town. Beijing Transportation Development Research Center Director Guo Jixiang Guo Jixiang: In foreign countries this kind of road right actually has many places, a street is very narrow, only has one way, the car cannot take the bus special purpose, two road, One Direction bus line, another road car special line. According to statistics, in the 3 hours each morning, about 1700 buses through the Bus Express line, transport more than 60,000 passengers into Manhattan. Beijing Traffic Development Research Center director Guo Jixiang told reporters, Beijing also has a similar bus lanes. Guo Jixiang: The public transport Road in Beijing is already very long, but in fact when we row, you will find that our special road is actually not net, is broken, in the most needed place exactly. Where should the bus lanes be zoned? Should be in the most need to row, should be in the congested place, but in the most congested place you think of our traffic is very heavy, we have to draw another way to the bus, the car is more blocked? Is social pressure not much bigger? So in such a choice as a city it must be a difficult process. Compared to the big cities in Beijing and New York, the land area of Singapore is only 700 square kilometers, which is equal to the size of one and a half Chaoyang district, but the population is as high as 5 million. However, in the 2010 Global urban Quality of life rankings, Singapore became the highest scoring city in Asia. How can the city with extremely tight land resources solve the traffic problems? Singapore's most famous shopping street Orchard Road in order to ease the businessTraffic jams in the industry, the government has also set up electronic toll stations on all the roads leading to Orchard Road. The Singapore Regulatory Authority has an electronic road toll system on all roads leading to the core area. These gates are opened at the peak of morning and evening traffic and charge a congestion charge ranging from 2 to 2.5 yuan for each vehicle passing through the gate. Of course, congestion charges are not just charged during peak hours.　　Every vehicle in Singapore has such a card reader to help drivers pay for them, including urban congestion charges. Lu Huapu Lu Huapu, director of the Institute of Transportation, Tsinghua University: All of Singapore's roads, it always detects this speed, when the speed is lower than a certain value, it began to increase the traffic congestion charges for these vehicles, because it is an intelligent system is automatic. An increase in this traffic congestion cost a lot of vehicles it will not go this way, the car to go less than the average speed increased.　　When you get to a certain value, it stops charging, and that's how the car's congestion charge management is always dynamic. Rongjianrong, director of Beijing University of Technology Research Center: from the technical above we are also fully capable of achieving such a technical solution can be done. But the traffic problem is often not a technology to solve the matter, for example, we put the two ring within the implementation of relatively high tolls, nature will trigger the next step may be the problem is within the two-ring business district how to do?　　Wangfujing and Xidan in Beijing are they still able to maintain such vigorous economic vitality?　　In addition, the Singapore government has set the world's most expensive car price policy, an average of 500,000 yuan a car to control the growth of the number of private cars. Guo Jixiang: Her tariff on the car is very very high, at first it is scores, raise to the price of the car one times and so on. What's another particular one? Through license plate control, like Singapore you want to buy a car you have to apply for a car license, what is the car license? The Government of Singapore controls the total number of each year and controls the total. Everyone goes there to apply for that license and make a public auction system. The price you paid out is final.　　The highest price I calculate the equivalent of our renminbi, the highest in history is 550,000 yuan, bought such a qualification, not a car. Zhenyu Zhenyu, director of Beijing Tsinghua Institute of Urban Planning and Design, said: "They have a red license plate, so this Red license plate may be easier to obtain."　　But it has a lot of restrictions, it's only on the weekends is free, if on the road at ordinary times if some of the main roads monitored are below a standard, these red-plate cars will be recorded to pay the congestion charges. Singapore has a destination to control the net increase in vehicle traffic capacity. To calculate, owning a car in Singapore is four to five times times more expensive than owning a car in China. For the cheaper economy sedan, the cost is eight to 10 times times higher. So far, the number of cars in Singapore is still very low, and all machinesThe bullet trains add up to only 900,000 cars. Guo Jixiang: For cities with high density, especially in urban centres, it is impossible to develop cars excessively because of limited resource conditions. What is the level of motor vehicles in Hong Kong and Singapore? 7 million people in Hong Kong actually have only 650,000 vehicles in the car. In New York, for example, the largest city in the United States is also the most densely populated city, and in fact its density is much lower than that in Beijing and Shanghai. What's the status of New York? Half of the families have no cars.　　and to the highest density in the world, the place we see in Manhattan. Our data tell us that 77% of families have no cars. At present, Beijing's car ownership has exceeded 4.5 million, the first half of this year 345,000, an average of 1900 new cars will drive into Beijing Street.　　With the rapid increase of car ownership, the average speed of the early and late peak network of Beijing urban area decreased by 3.6% and 4.8% respectively compared with the same period in 2009. Rongjian: The growth rate of car ownership in Beijing in the last 10 years has outpaced GDP growth.　　This gap is obvious, the gap between supply and demand led to Beijing's traffic is not only rapid, but also a deep deterioration.　　Lu Huapu: Not only in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, now the capital city and planned city, its motor vehicle growth rate is also very fast, all in 20%, 30%, or even some 50% of this rapid growth, so the current urban traffic congestion problem, is not an individual phenomenon, is a common phenomenon in Chinese cities. Half an hour observation although New York and new wave of many concrete ways to ease traffic pressure are different, but invariably chose to limit the car, the development of public transport, as a key to solve the urban traffic dilemma. Beijing is also an international metropolis, but in fact, the travel rates of buses, cars, bicycles and walking are all accounted for 1/3, becoming the world's few major cities in the development of various modes of transportation. Urban traffic is a complex system engineering, not only need clear objectives, more need for practical action, if the use of individual measures to replace the system planning and overall design, trying to find a balance in all kinds of interests entanglements, may eventually let any kind of traffic way into a dilemma.