The Key Problems to be Solved in the Development of Cloud Computing in China

From the perspective of the whole world, cloud computing has entered a pragmatic stage of development, and the global cloud computing market has begun to maintain a steady growth. However, the steady hides a huge difference in inter-regional industrial markets. The leading technology in Google, open source technology development pattern will not change in the short term, and technical factors are the main reasons leading to security incidents. Liu Du, vice president of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Telecommunications Research Institute, said at the recent "2013 International Cloud Computing Conference": "Although China's domestic cloud computing market has been growing rapidly, the growth rate has slowed down. Meanwhile, the development of China's cloud computing But also faces some key issues to be solved urgently. "There are differences in the stability of the international market Internationally, cloud computing has entered a pragmatic stage of development and the global cloud computing market has maintained a steady growth. However, the steady hides a huge difference in inter-regional industrial markets. The leading technology in Google, open source technology development pattern will not change in the short term, and technical factors are the main reasons leading to security incidents. Liu Duo pointed out that "although cloud computing has some standard results in terms of network technologies and platform technologies, it is still too early to fully standardize cloud computing." Gartner research data shows that the global cloud service market will reach 131.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2013 With a growth rate of 18%. It is estimated that it will reach 242.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2017 and will maintain its growth rate of over 15% in the coming years. The typical cloud service market represented by I / P / S hit 33.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2013, up 29.7%. According to the distribution in the market area, the global cloud computing will not change significantly in the next few years. The United States has occupied more than 50% of the total. Western Europe (23.5%), Japan (4.5%) have slowed down, China (4%) and other emerging economies Body share gradually increased.

The United States has become the pioneer in the development of cloud computing worldwide. In the US market, cloud computing is showing a situation of "benign interaction between supply and demand and the global expansion of industries". First of all, the huge internet industry provides the market demand support, and the cloud application expands to the vertical industry. 90% of US start-ups use public cloud services as the preferred choice for IT system construction. At the same time, the U.S. government's cloud computing single-frequency now has more than 300 government agencies and 1,500 educational institutions using public cloud services. Second, the U.S. cloud computing industry System is complete, giant companies continue to strengthen the dominant position to the global market expansion. Among the top 100 cloud computing companies in the world, the United States accounts for 84. Amazon accounted for 40% of the global IaaS market, Microsoft accounted for 64% of the global PaaS market, Salesforce accounted for 21% of the SaaS market. Amazon, Microsoft, Google and other giants in major regions around the world have built a data center, and is still constantly expanding. A significant set of data deserves our attention: in 2013 the U.S. federal government purchased cloud computing with a total amount of 968 million U.S. dollars and expected to reach 1.59 billion U.S. dollars in 2014, with the average growth rate exceeding 50% in the next few years. By the end of 2012, more than half of federal agencies have begun adopting cloud computing. In contrast, since 2011, federal IT spending in the United States has been declining for almost three years, and the use of cloud computing has played an important role in this. Liu Duo said: "Europe, Japan, the huge market demand, but the industry has hollowed the trend of Europe, Japan and other countries lack of domestic cloud computing business support in the world top 100 cloud computing companies, only 9 in Europe, Japan, no one on the business List. "And in the field of cloud computing security concerns, technical factors are the main cause of security incidents. Seventy-five percent of incidents in cloud failure incidents have been reported, mostly technical ones, including insecure interfaces (APIs), data loss or compromise, hardware failures, and more. In the publicly reported major industry cloud security incidents, 44% come from SaaS service.

In Liu Duo's opinion, the development of cloud computing is a process of guiding practice. Countries in the cloud computing industry, the degree of market development vary greatly, the promotion of international standardization more difficult. Standardization of cloud computing to promote the industrial organization, but the lack of dominant enterprises to participate, the vast majority of results difficult for the industry to accept. "The international cloud security standard has become more and more macroscopic, but its framework, guidelines and recommendations are mainly lacking in operability and guiding the practice." China's Rapid Growth Has Slowed Although China's cloud computing market has been growing at a high speed, Growth has slowed down. According to the research data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Research Institute of Telecommunications, the market size of public cloud services in China is expected to reach about 4.76 billion yuan in 2013, though the growth rate has slowed down compared with 2012, but it still reaches 36%. "From the perspective of industry characteristics, at present, China has shown the situation that IaaS is becoming more and more populated, PaaS is growing steadily and SaaS is still unmanaged." Meanwhile, cloud computing has become the basic platform for Internet innovation and entrepreneurship in China. Cloud computing flexibility Supporting ability to show their talents in e-commerce, and to the vertical industry penetration, many of our governments have begun to test cloud computing.

Survey shows that Chinese users of cloud computing awareness and adoption is gradually increasing. Thirty-eight percent of respondents already have cloud computing applications this year (37.5% in 2012). Of those with cloud computing applications, 76.8% of respondents said that more businesses are migrating to the cloud environment. In this context, significant progress has been made in China's cloud computing basic products and operating system technologies. In terms of basic cloud computing products, our country has already broken through the server system technologies of the EB-level storage system software and hardware technologies and the concurrent processing of millions of tasks. Meanwhile, Internet companies made breakthroughs in large-scale cloud computing operating systems, including flexible computing systems, distributed computing systems, structured data storage systems and open storage systems. All of this benefits from the policy environment in our country that is conducive to the sound development of cloud computing. First of all, cloud service has entered our government procurement directory. In addition, in January 2013, the four ministries and commissions jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Guiding Opinions on the Layout of Data Centers. In December 2012, IDC and ISP license applications reopened, adding substantive review procedures. And, China's network information protection laws and regulations have also been introduced. Liu Duo pointed out that the traditional network security is still the main factor affecting the security of China's cloud computing business. "China's Ddos attacks on cloud services are relatively common, and the protection measures of domestic cloud service providers on network security are still relatively weak. 50% of the typical domestic cloud service incidents are caused by traditional network attacks, accounting for 53% %. With the continuous expansion of China's cloud service users, security problems will show a rapid growth trend. "According to reports, the focus of domestic cloud computing and more focus on platform-related hardware and software products and infrastructure levels, such as customized equipment, Module data center, the entire cabinet server, the main purpose is to affect the upstream rather than downstream.
The key issues to be solved Liu Duo analysis said that the current development of China's cloud computing key issues include: cloud service technology and service capabilities to be improved, service providers platform technical capabilities and service levels are uneven, the service reliability, ease of service There is a big deficit in terms of usability, data migration capability, resource allocation capability, measurement accuracy, etc. Some services expose interruption phenomena in the assessment process, which expose many problems with security capabilities, and even problems exist in the network isolation of users. At the same time, the trust system is not established, users have concerns. "Users in the choice of cloud computing service providers, the main consideration top of the list are the stability and security of cloud computing services, users of our cloud services also have the same stability, security has great concern. In the international market, countries are preliminarily establishing the trust system of cloud services, the security of cloud services, the quality of service, and the SLAs through the certification of market-oriented or industry-oriented (such as government industries). "In contrast, Under the structure of China's IT market is still the main hardware procurement, the current situation with the international IT market gap. Reconstruction, light service IT procurement habits need to be changed. Integrators as the core of IT procurement is not conducive to changing the market structure of IT procurement. Integrators, equipment manufacturers and users of the difficult to break the pattern of interests, and integrators themselves lack the power to change the current procurement pattern.

At the same time, the budget and asset management systems are also restricting the purchase and adoption of cloud services. In the past, cloud service transformed the static investment in fixed assets into a dynamic information service procurement. The traditional budget and audit system can not be adapted. The vertical industry cloud service management rules are missing, procurement is facing a certain risk. She made recommendations on the future development of cloud computing in our country. "Taking the application of government affairs as the guide, promoting the application of vertical industries." Relevant ministries and commissions such as the NDRC, MIIT and the Ministry of Finance should jointly promote the application of cloud computing in the government sector, including setting standards on security, service quality, management, relocation and business practices of government procurement and application of cloud services; To carry out the government procurement of cloud services pilot, innovation management structure and system, open up areas of application; Achieve significant results in the pilot areas, application cases to promote, extensive research for cloud services procurement system design; In addition, research and optimization of IT procurement related budget , Auditing and other systems to form a service audit system and a dynamic budget accounting mechanism. The NDRC should make the top planning and design of cloud computing development policies. MIIT drafted cloud computing development, market regulation and management policies. The Ministry of Finance and the State-owned Assets Acquisitions Center formulated the policies and systems for government procurement of cloud computing services. In this way, the government can perfect the policy system. At the same time also pay attention to nurturing the public market, enhance user confidence, and actively help the industry to optimize the market environment.