Apple is poised to start producing a new 12-inch MacBook Air from the first quarter of next year, according to reports from Taiwan's technology media digitimes earlier in the day. Incoming, nature is also a variety of rumors of the explosive material. Now a new piece of news points out that some of the specifications for the 12-inch MacBook Air will also change significantly, such as using the USB3.1 standard.
USB3.1 is the latest USB standard, developed by large companies such as Intel,
CES 2015 is about to pull off the curtain, and in the 4-5 days before that, there is also a storage industry event storage Visions 2015, Las Vegas in Las Vegas.
The Western data announced that the world's fastest hybrid hard drive will be shown at this conference, with performance comparable to solid-state drives!
The West indicates that they have completed the prototype of the new disk, using the new PCI-E SATA Express Interface (theoretical bandwidth 10G
stream to other servers can continue to play.The stream hot standby switch of HLS is not so easy.Choosing rtmp is a good choice if you have high fault tolerance requirements for live streaming, such as reducing the probability of a problem.. can monitor:In the view of monitoring system or operation and maintenance system, the flow protocol should be more suitable for monitoring.The flow monitoring of HTTP is not so perfect. This is not an absolute advantage, but more advantageous.2. The disadva
Network Forum (FSAN) standardized PON technology, Fsan at the end of 2001 Apon renamed to Bpon,apon the highest rate of 622Mbps, the second layer is the ATM packaging and transmission technology, Therefore, there are insufficient bandwidth, complex technology, high price and low efficiency of carrying IP service, which fail to achieve success in the market.
To better adapt to IP services, the first Mile Ethernet Federation (EFMA) introduced Epon technology at two-tier Ethernet instead of ATM i
dredging, these two features provide the foundation for the Intelligent Optical network to realize arbitrary cascade, virtual capacity, fictitious ring protection and mesh recovery. The large capacity of the optical switch is shown in the exchange matrix of hundreds of trillion, the device 10Gbps interface reaches dozens of, and can be extended to many tbps.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation and tuning: The next generation of intelligent Optical Network
1.HAProxy Introduction
Haproxy is an open-source, high-performance, load-balancing software based on TCP (four-tier), HTTP (seven-tier) applications. That haproxy as a professional load balancer software, it has the following advantages:
Very good reliability and stability, comparable to hardware-level F5 load balancing devices
. Up to 40000-50000 concurrent connections can be maintained at the same time, the maximum number of requests within the unit is 20,000, the maximum data processing capac
One, data center and next generation Ethernet
Since the introduction of the Ieee802.3ae standard in 2002, the speed of the Ethernet network has been greatly developed, such as Amsterdam and Tokyo Internet Core Exchange node traffic has exceeded 600Gbps, although 10G The transmission rate of BPS has greatly exerted the potential of common multimode fiber and twisted pair. But with the development of the network application, especially now the network video, the mobile phone intelligence and so o
, exchanging, adding, modifying, or deleting specified content in a request or response, this operation is based on specific rules.
I use haproxy mainly because it has the following advantages:
I,Free open-source, stability is also very good, this can be seen through some of my small projects, a single haproxy also runs well, stability can be comparable to LVS;
II,According to the official documentation, haproxy can run full 10gbps-new benchmark of ha
is found that the operating system uses 200M (approximate) memory to maintain the 100,000 connections! If it is a million connection, the operating system itself will occupy 2GB of memory! That's 2KB per connection.can modify/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmemTo control the size of the send and receive buffers for TCP connections (thanks @egmkang).3. How much memory does the application need to maintain millions of connections?Through the test code above, it can be found that
Protocol) and PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) or network-level protocols such as PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol). Once the routing lookup is complete, the packet must be sent to its output port with a swap switch. If the router is input-queued, several inputs share the same switch. The last feature of this input port is to participate in an arbitration agreement for public resources such as switch switches. The function of this part of the normal router is performed entirely by the CPU o
, or even higher. Based on the test results, theGeForce GTX Founders Edition has a game performance up to 1.25 times times Titan X, substantially more than the GeForce GTX 980 Ti, and is similarly slightly above the GeForce GTX 980 2-way SLI. In the "blockade of the whole", "GTA5", "Crysis 3", "Tomb Raider: Rise", "Wizard 3: Wild Hunting" and other games, with 4 K resolution, the highest picture quality settings, GeForce GTX Founders Edition are significantly superior to Titan X, performance is
itself, the protocol stack, in fact, is mainly compatibility and universality. Of course there are some hardware implementations of the TCP offline engine, but limited by the hardware card memory limit, TCP concurrency and performance is not higher than the DPDK-based.As for the specific performance, in fact, can be quantified, 10Gbps, 64bytes packet length, if a package processing time is greater than 67ns, then will certainly lose packets, that is,
Load Balancing cluster HAProxy Basic article First, haporxy Introduction HAProxy is an agent software that provides high availability, load balancing, and TCP(layer Fourth) and HTTP(seventh tier) applications,HAProxy is completely free, with HAProxy a proxy solution based on TCP and HTTP applications can be provided quickly and reliably. Second, haporxy Advantages
free Open source, reliable and stable very good.
HAProxy can process data up to
currently available in the following three technical versions: 1000BASE-SX,-LX and-CX. The 1000BASE-SX series uses low-cost short-wave CDs (compact disc, disc lasers) or vcsel (Vertical cavity surface emitting laser, vertical cavity surface light emitting lasers) transmitters While the 1000BASE-LX series uses relatively expensive long-wavelength lasers; The 1000BASE-CX series is intended to connect high-performance servers and high-speed peripherals using short jumper cables between wiring.(4)
. Metropolitan Area NetworkSince the development of computer network, according to geographical scope, can be divided into: LAN, metropolitan area network, WAN. The local area network is divided into the shared medium LAN and the switched LAN according to the media access control method, divided into the wired medium local area network and the wireless medium local area network according to the transmission medium type Angle classification class. The core equipment of LAN is LAN switch, and the
through Messenger Enter, add to OSD::op_shardedwq , by the above distribution line Cheng to the back end filestore processing. Depending on the front-end network (for example: 10Gbps) and back-end media performance (e.g. SSD), consider a higher value.
filestore_queue_max_ops: Controls the depth of the Filestore Squadron column, the maximum number of outstanding IO
filestore_queue_max_bytes: Controls the depth of the Filestore Squad
used for mail servers, internal protocol communication servers, etc.), and layer-7 (HTTP ). In layer-4 mode, HAProxy only forwards two-way traffic between the client and the server. In layer-7 mode, HAProxy analyzes the protocol and controls the protocol by allowing, rejecting, exchanging, adding, modifying, or deleting specified content in a request or response, this operation is based on specific rules.
I use HAProxy mainly because it has the following advantages:
I. free open-source, stabil
addresses. The smaller priority is the root bridge. With the same priority, the smallest MAC address is called the root bridge. This time if you want to artificially change the root bridge, then you need to change the priority.2. The closest port to the root bridge is the flag port, the switch with the flag port is called the flag switch, and the traffic on each network segment is shifted from the flag switch to its root bridge through the flag port, so all the ports of the root bridge are the
, and if it is 0, then the ICMPAPO flag is placed. flag.27 TTL0, if the TTL-1 is 0,ttl0 1. flag.26 DTP; discard package flags. flag.25 TBE; send buffer empty flag. flag.24 Dphe; the packet has entered the receive buffer and reaches the elevator port (high-speed data bus is readable). flag.23 dpbe; packet header 2E has entered the receive buffer. flag.22 MF; segment flag, 0 is the last segment or no segment. flag.21 TSOP; If the packet emac.dladd!= the link address of the node, and FSP = 0, then
: Concurrent processing capability3. Data Rate: data processing capabilityAccording to official testing statistics, the maximum number of requests processed by haproxy per unit time is 20000, and-concurrent connections can be maintained at the same time. The maximum data processing capability is 10 Gbps. Based on the above, haproxy is a superior load balancing and reverse proxy server.
Summarize the main advantages of HAProxy:
I. free open-source, stability is also very good, this can be seen th
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