Ethernet packets, in the Mii/rmii interface is 4/2bit, in the Ethernet PHY need to do string and conversion, codec and so on to the twisted pair and fiber transmission, its frame format follows IEEE 802.3 (10M)/ieee 802.3u (100M) /ieee 802.1q (VLAN). The format of the Ethernet frame is: Leader + start bit + Destination MAC address + source MAC address + type/length + data +padding (optional) +32BITCRCIf there is a VLAN, then add a 2-byte VLAN tag aft
UWB technology is a new kind of wireless communication technology. It is directly modulated by impulse pulses with very steep rise and fall times, so that the signal has a GHz magnitude of bandwidth. Ultra-wideband technology solves the major problems of communication, which is not sensitive to channel fading, low power spectral density, low interception capability, low system complexity, and can provide several centimeters of positioning accuracy.
The advantages of UWB
Compared with other wir
1. Network card and network card
10M, 100M network connection between the time, if not using the hub, you should use the intersection line.
2. Network card and switch
The twisted pair is used for straight line connection. Routers have the same connection as the switch.
3. Hubs and hubs
The two hubs are cascaded through twisted-pair wires and must be crossed. This applies to connections between hubs that do not have a dedicated cascading port mark
network management Gigabit Switch, 5 24 general switch.
The networking method of 100-machine Net-Bar networking scheme
1, optical fiber directly to the Internet café, and then through a fiber-optic transceiver to convert light signals into 10m/100m electrical signals. Access to the use of optical fiber, fast, good stability, low barrier rate, anti-interference characteristics of the strong.
2, with a ro
variable's space (via the Alloc_netdev function), set variable parameters, hook up interface functions, and register the device (via the Register_netdev function).The common hook interface functions are as follows:Net_device *dev_p; Dev_p->open = Xx_open; Device Open function Dev_p->stop = xx_stop; Device Stop function dev_p->hard_start_xmit = XX_TX; Data send function Dev_p->do_ioctl = xx_ioctl;//other control functions ...Data
Tags: css xen fun att bit array cas denotes varMii is the media independent interface, also known as Media independent interface.It includes a data interface and a management interface between Mac and PHY (Figure 1).The data interface includes two separate channels for transmitters and receivers, respectively. Each channel has its own data, clock, and control signals. The MII data interface requires a total of 16 signals.The management interface is a two-signal interface: one is a clock signal a
bandwidth, bus mode, electrical interface mode and so on. Its basic functions are: from parallel to serial data conversion, package assembly and disassembly, network access control, data cache and network signal.The main working principle of the network card: When sending data, the computer writes the data to be transmitted in parallel to the network card cache, the network card to transmit the data into the encoding (10M Ethernet using the Mancheste
, and if it is 0, then the ICMPAPO flag is placed. flag.27 TTL0, if the TTL-1 is 0,ttl0 1. flag.26 DTP; discard package flags. flag.25 TBE; send buffer empty flag. flag.24 Dphe; the packet has entered the receive buffer and reaches the elevator port (high-speed data bus is readable). flag.23 dpbe; packet header 2E has entered the receive buffer. flag.22 MF; segment flag, 0 is the last segment or no segment. flag.21 TSOP; If the packet emac.dladd!= the link address of the node, and FSP = 0, then
. Contactless IC Card In addition to the card contains IC card circuit, also contains the relevant RF transceiver circuit and antenna coil. IC card can receive the signal of reader and writer in a certain distance, and realize non-contact reading and writing.RF Identification Card
Radio Frequency identification card (RF card, RFID card), also known as contactless IC card (contactless Smart card) or contactless IC card, contactless card, inductio
electrical port and network device interface, or both ends of the device interface duplex mode mismatch.
2 Twisted-pair cable and RJ-45 head have problems, to detect
3 Fiber connection problem, jumper is alignment device interface, tail fiber and jumper and coupler type match etc.
5. Optical transceiver Connection After the two ends can not communicate
1 fiber connected to the reverse, TX and RX-Connected fiber swap
2 RJ45 interface and external
a property of Net_device, and the developer needs to apply for that variable's space (via the Alloc_netdev function), set variable parameters, hook up interface functions, and register the device (via the Register_netdev function).The common hook interface functions are as follows:Net_device *dev_p; Dev_p->open = Xx_open; Device Open function Dev_p->stop = xx_stop; Device Stop function dev_p->hard_start_xmit = XX_TX; Data send function Dev_p->do_ioctl
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media stand-alone interface and is one of the standard Ethernet interfaces with fewer I/O transmissions than Mii. Basic differences about the/mii/gmill of Rmii mouth:The Rmii port uses 2 wires to transmit the data.The MII port uses 4 wires to transmit data.Gmii is using 8 wires to transmit data.Mii/rmii is just an interface, for 10M wire speed, the Mii clock is 2.5m,rmii 5M; for 100M wire speed, the Mii clock is 25m,rmii 50M. Mii/rmii is used for tra
characteristic impedance Z0 of the transmission line cable. The RS-485 is recommended to use a 120 Z0 cable, so each end of the cable is usually used 120 resistance for end-to-end connection.
Figure 4: RS-485 end-to-end using common mode noise filter.
Applications in a noisy environment often use two RC low-pass filters to replace these 120 resistors to enhance the filtering of common-mode noise (see figure 4 ). It is worth noting that the resistance values of the two filters should be equal
the port specification when purchasing the device. You only need to select the GBIC corresponding to the required transmission interface, and it is easy to make adjustments as needed.
The current GBIC has a Small version (Small Form-factor Pluggable, SFP), also known as mini GBIC (mini GBIC ),
The size is about half of the original size, which not only saves costs, but also doubles the port density of network devices.
Term 3 Small encapsulation pluggable
, to meet the needs of data communication, has a strong application value.
1 Ethernet-based laser wireless communication system
The combination of Ethernet and laser wireless communication can give full play to the advantages of the two systems and improve the application range and reliability of the system greatly. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram based on one end of the Ethernet laser wireless communication system, and the other end of the structure and the end of the symmetrical state. From
). Note that the IP addresses of the two APS must be in the same CIDR Block and the same channel can be used to achieve wireless connection and resource sharing between the two wired LAN networks, or expand the wired network. It should be noted that both APs adopt oriented antennas.
Opinion 2: Use optical fiber
Many netizens have agreed to this solution, because the current price of fiber optics is also more than 10 pieces per meter, and the cost of pulling fiber cables between two points is no
work of other nodes;G. Twisted Pair wires are generally not installed outdoors. When a small part is installed outdoors, the casing should be installed in the outdoor part;H. Select the eight-core twisted pair wires. When you install the connectors on your own, the eight wires should be installed properly. Do not install only four wires or cut off the other four wires.Iv. Network Device InstallationHub InstallationA. the hub should be installed in a dry and clean room;B. The Hub should be insta
Master the high-end switch cascade to instantly become a master of the network, previously introduced the relevant knowledge. After the publication of the stack and cascade of switches, we have received a number of emails from many readers to discuss with us about the cascade of switches. So we will introduce some related content about high-end switch cascade.
High-end switch cascade: optical transceiver connection
When optical cables are used for cab
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