data. BIOS information is so important that the computer must find it at the very beginning. This is because the BIOS contains CPU information, device startup sequence information, hard disk information, memory information, clock information, and PnP features. In PC, boot Linux starts from the BIOS address 0xFFFF0. After that, the PC obtains the first startup device code. 4. boot Loader4.1 stage1 the first sector of the 0th track on the first Boot device is called MBR, that is, Master Boot Reco
This section describes the file system and MTD technologies. FFS is familiar with ext2, 3, and 4, but these are all for disk devices. The general storage devices in Es are flash, because of the special characteristics of FLASH:
Flash storage is divided by block size, and a memory generally has dozens of K. (Only 512 bytes for a cluster on the disk ). What are the disadvantages of such a large volume? Obviously, it takes a long time to erase an BL.
400d4228 1024 seek Profile13 400e0e14 864 dependent zone table for user area14 400e1174 96 dependent zone table for system area15 0 524288 Flash ROM1B 400dec6 8700 dependent zone group tables for user area1c 400dead8 320 dependent zone group tables for system area1D 40041220 352 vbar configuration file1e 400414b0 2416 zone format parameters file Ram:Id memoffs Len======================================0 40041200 33792 read Adaptive Parameters file (RAP)1 40041000
20,000-foot view of the Linux boot processWhen the system is started at the beginning or restarted, the processor will execute code in a well-known location. On a PC, this location is in the Basic Input/Output System, which is what we call BIOS.Is stored in the flash memory on the motherboard. In an embedded system, the central processor (CPU) activates the reset area to start executing known programs in flash or ROM. In other casesThis process is the same. The BIOS must determine which device
size of the EBDA by using BIOS functionint 12 h, or (often) by examining the wordAt0x40e in the lower (see below). Both of those methods will tell you the location of the bottom of the EBDA.
It shoshould also be noted that your bootloader code is probably loaded and running inMemoryPhysical addresses 0x7c00 through 0x7dff. So thatMemoryArea is likely to also be unusable until execution has been transferred to a second stage bootloader, or to your kernel.Overview
Start
End
Size
Environment:
Operating System: Windows XP
Virtual Machine: VMWare 5.5.3
Linux: RHEL 5
Note: Since RHEL 5 is not supported in Oracle official documentation, the following configuration items are subject to Oracle requirements for RHEL 4.0.
I. Check hardware
1. View Ram and swap space and disk size
Command: # grep memtotal/proc/meminfo
# Grep swaptotal/proc/meminfo
# DF-H
# DF-k/tmp
Requirements:
The minimum Ram
matching clock divider and on-chip differential clock network; each i/ O are integrated with the 1Gbps I/O of the Chipsync source synchronization technology, with superior signal processing capability, with the integration of hundreds of XTREMEDSP Slice, the single-chip maximum processing rate. The Virtex-4 LX platform FPGA is characterized by a density of up to 200,000 logic units, one of the world's most logically dense FPGA families, and is suitable for design applications with high logic ga
OperatingSystem: windowsxpVirtualmachine: VMware5.5.3Linux: RHEL5 Note: Since RHEL5 is not supported in Oracle official documentation
Operating System: windows xpVirtual machine: VMware 5.5.3Linux: RHEL 5 Note: Since RHEL 5 is not supported in Oracle official documentation
Environment:
Operating System: windows xp
Virtual machine: VMware 5.5.3
Linux: RHEL 5
Note: Since RHEL 5 is not supported in Oracle official documentation, the following configuration items are subject to Oracle requireme
sector of the boot disk (this sector has a block of 512 bytes), which is called the boot record.==========ram File System ===============Ramfs is part of the boot image, fully resident memory, and contains many programs that allow the boot to continue. The init process running in the Ram file system is actually an SSH (simple shell) program, This program to cont
the advantages of low power consumption, high density, and small size. Currently, Flash is classified into nor,Two types of NAND.
Nor flash memory can directly read the data stored in the chip, so the speed is relatively fast, but the price is relatively high. The address line of the nor chip is separated from the data line. Therefore, the nor chip can be connected to the data line like the SRAM, And the nor chip can be operated as the basic unit. Therefore, the transmission efficiency is ver
CentOS disk resizing lvm installation Centos LVM space is quickly reduced, and it will not be enough soon. many people use Gparted resizing, and the command line is not easy to use, the Gparted of the graphic interface cannot be found on CentOS6.4; some people use the Gparted-Live disk, which is very troublesome. In fact, Lin... centOS disk resizing lvm installation Centos LVM space is quickly reduced, and it will not be enough soon. many people use Gparted resizing, and the command line is not
CentOS disk resizing lvm installation Centos LVM space is quickly reduced, and it will not be enough soon. Many people use Gparted resizing, and the command line is not easy to use, the Gparted of the graphic interface cannot be found on CentOS6.4; some people use the Gparted-Live disk, which is very troublesome. In fact, Linux itself provides a powerful and simple resizing tool, which is very easy: 0: current disk status: [root @ CentOS ~] # Df-hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use % Mounted on/dev/m
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd
Samsung s34510 Serial driver version 0.9 () with no serial options enabled
TtyS00 at 0x3ffd000 (irq = 5) is a 89c4510b
TtyS01 at 0x3ffe000 (irq = 7) is a 89c4510b
Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne
Blkmem copyright 1998 kenth Albanowski
Blkmem 1 disk images:
1: C9EA8-1C2AA7 [VIRTUAL C9EA8-1C2AA7] (RO)
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 1024 K size 1024 blocksize
NET4: Linux TCP
the knowledge above, we can set relevant parameters according to our actual situation. Of course, we also need to continuously check and adjust the parameters during the testing process.The following are the configuration suggestions provided by hortonworks:Http://docs.hortonworks.com/HDPDocuments/HDP2/HDP-2.1.1/bk_installing_manually_book/content/rpm-chap1-11.html4.1 Memory Allocation
Reserved Memory = Reserved for stack memory + Reserved for HBase Memory (If HBase is on the same node)The tota
1. Explanation of DD commands.
DD: Use a block of the specified size to copy an object and perform the specified conversion at the same time.
Note: place the specified number. If the following column ends with a character, multiply it by the corresponding number: B = 512; C = 1; k = 1024; W = 2.
Parameters:
1. If = File Name: Enter the file name. The default value is standard input. Specifies the source file.
2. Of = File Name: name of the output fil
S3C2410 supports direct start from NAND Flash, so NAND bootloader is used.
Most NAND bootloaders are divided into nboot and eboot. Code dependent on the CPU architecture is put in nboot, which is usually implemented in assembly language + C language; while eboot is usually implemented in C language, which can implement complex functions, in addition, the Code has better readability and portability.Nboot:
Hardware Device initialization:
Block all interruptions. You can write the Interrupt
configuration and various patch packages. The following describes some key technologies for quick start.
2.1 firmware and bootloader phases
Once the target board is determined, the running time of firmware cannot be changed, and the read/write speed of flash and Ram is also determined. However, if firmware and bootloader can be bypassed during the reset, that is, enabling the running kernel to load and run another kernel can shorten the startup time
the iner, so the mapreduce mentioned above. map (reduce ). memory. the mb size is greater than that of mapreduce. map (reduce ). java. the size of the opts value.
Iv. HDP platform parameter optimization suggestions
Based on the knowledge above, we can set relevant parameters according to our actual situation. Of course, we also need to continuously check and adjust the parameters during the testing process.
The following are the configuration suggestions provided by hortonworks:
Http://docs.hor
I. Explanation of DD commandsDD: Use a block of the specified size to copy an object and perform the specified conversion at the same time. Note: If the following column ends with a specified number, multiply it by the corresponding number: B = 512; C = 1; k = 1024; W = 2
Parameter notes:1. If = File Name: Enter the file name. The default value is standard input. Specifies the source file. Ii. dd application example
1. Back up the local/dev/HDB to/dev
I. Explanation of DD commandsDD: Use a block of the specified size to copy an object and perform the specified conversion at the same time. Note: If the following column ends with a specified number, multiply it by the corresponding number: B = 512; C = 1; k = 1024; W = 2
Parameter notes:1. If = File Name: Enter the file name. The default value is standard input. Specifies the source file. Ii. dd application example
1. Back up the local/dev/HDB to/dev
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