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First, the Earth modelThe earth is an approximate ellipsoid, which is approximated by an ellipsoid model, called a reference ellipsoid , such as:The equator is an approximate circle with a radius of a, and any circle meridian is an approximate circle with a radius of B. A is called the long axis radius of the ellipsoid, and B is called the short axis radius of the ellipsoid.a ≈ 6378.137 km, b≈6356.752 km. (In fact, a is not constant, the most strength
point, can draw many north-south direction and the Earth's equator vertical big circle, this is called "The Warp Circle";The line of the circle is called the Warp. Year 1884, the International rules of the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of LondonLongitude as the beginning of the calculation of latitude, that is, longitude zero 0 minutes and 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." East of it for longitude, a total of 180 degrees;West of i
of the Earth's equator perpendicular to the large circle, known as the "Warp Circle"; the segments that make up these circles are called meridians. Year 1884, the international Regulations of the Greenwich Observatory through the British suburbs of the longitude as the starting point for the calculation of latitude, that is, longitude zero 0 minutes 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." In the east of it is longitude, a total of 180 degrees,
equator vertical big circle, this is called "The Warp Circle";The line of the circle is called the Warp. Year 1884, the International rules of the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of LondonLongitude as the beginning of the calculation of latitude, that is, longitude zero 0 minutes and 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." East of it for longitude, a total of 180 degrees;West of it, for 180 degrees. Because the earth is round, the longitu
equator vertical big circle, this is called "The Warp Circle";The line of the circle is called the Warp. Year 1884, the International rules of the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of LondonLongitude as the beginning of the calculation of latitude, that is, longitude zero 0 minutes and 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." East of it for longitude, a total of 180 degrees;West of it, for 180 degrees. Because the earth is round, the longitu
direction of the Earth's equator perpendicular to the large circle, known as the "Warp Circle"; the segments that make up these circles are called meridians. Year 1884, the International rules of the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London by longitude as the starting point for the calculation of longitude, that is, latitude of 0 minutes and 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." In the east of it is longitude, a total of 180 degrees,
poles and the Earth's Center), draw a large circle perpendicular to the Earth's axis in the waist, so that every point in the circle is equal to the distance between the north and south poles. This circle is called the "Equator ". On the north and south sides of the Equator, draw many circles parallel to the equator, which are "latitude circles". The line segments that constitute these circles are called weft wires. We set the equator to zero latitude, 90 degrees to the north to the south, and
in the suburbs of London by longitude as the starting point for the calculation of longitude, that is, latitude of 0 minutes and 0 seconds, also known as the "Prime Meridian." In the east of it is longitude, a total of 180 degrees, the west of it for the western longitude, a total of 180 degrees. Because the earth is round, the longitude of 180 degrees east longitude and longitude 180 degrees West is the same mer
(meters) Latitude value (X) 32 3543664 3543601 Longitude value (y) 121 21310994 21310997 Gaussian-kerluge projection (1) Gaussian-kerluge projection Properties Gaussian-Kruger (Gauss-Kruger) projection is short for "Gaussian projection", also known as "cross-section elliptical projection", a type of projective between the Earth's elliptical sphere and the plane. German
-kerluge projection (1) Gaussian-kerluge projection Properties Gaussian-Kruger (Gauss-Kruger) projection is short for "Gaussian projection", also known as "cross-section elliptical projection", a type of projective between the Earth's elliptical sphere and the plane. German mathematician, physicist, astronomy Gauss (Carl friedrichgauss, 1777-1855) was developed in 1820s, after the German Land Surveyors Kluge (Johannes Kruger, 1857 ~ 1928) the projection formula was added on January 1, 1912. Acc
information in a scientific way to the ellipsoid? This inevitably requiresWe find such an ellipsoid. Such an ellipsoid has characteristics: it can be quantified and calculated. With a long half shaft, shortHalf axis, eccentric heart rate. The following lines are the krasovsky_1940 ellipsoid and its corresponding parameters.spheroid:krasovsky_1940Semimajor axis:6378245.000000000000000000Semiminor axis:6356863.018773047300000000Inverse flattening (flat rate): 298.300000000000010000However, with t
the Arctic point to the South Pole, we can draw many large circles perpendicular to the earth's equator in the North-South direction, which is called the "Meridian Circle ".The line segments of some circles are called longitude lines. In the year of the planimetric map 1884, the international regulation adopted by the Greenwich Observatory on the outskirts of LondonThe longitude line is used as the start point for calculating the longitude, that is,
Transverse Mercator (transverse Mercator) projection descriptionThis projection, also known as the Gaussian-gram gauss–krüger projection, is similar to the Mercator projection, except that the cylinders are arranged vertically along the meridians rather than the equator. The isometric projections generated by this method do not maintain the true orientation. The central meridian is located in the center of the area of interest. This center alignment m
the South Pole, we can draw many large circles perpendicular to the earth's equator in the north and south directions. This is called the "longitude circle". The line segments that constitute these circles are called the meridian lines. In the year 1884, the international regulation adopted the longitude line of the Greenwich Observatory in the suburbs of London as the starting point for calculating the longitude, that is, 0 minutes 0 seconds, longit
projection) – Our provisions 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000, 1:250,000, 1: The topographic map of the 500,000 scale uses Gauss G Gauss–krüger projection. – This projection is called transverse Mercator projection in countries such as the UK and US – transverse isometric cylindrical Projection the farther away from the central meridian, the greater the distortion. br> Equator is a straight line, the paral
I. Basic concepts:1. topographic map coordinate system: the topographic map in China adopts the Gaussian-gram plane Cartesian coordinate system. In this coordinate system, the horizontal axis: Equator, expressed by Y; the vertical axis: the central meridian, expressed by X; the coordinate origin: the intersection of the central meridian and the Equator, expressed by O. Negative to the south of the equator,
(also called positive projection)2) The length and area deformation is not small, and can be used to calculate the number of corrections caused by deformation by simple formula.3) can be easily carried out according to the sub-band, and can be high-precision, simple, the same calculation formula and the table to the whole.Basic concepts of Gaussian projectionThe Gaussian projection is a conformal transverse elliptic column projection. Gaussian projection is aConformal projection。 It is by the G
latitude regions,There is no summer in the polar and high latitudes, and the middle and latitude regions have distinct seasons.Second, from the Arctic point to the South Pole, we can draw many large circles perpendicular to the earth's equator in the North-South direction, which is called the "Meridian Circle ".The line segments of some circles are called longitude lines. In the year of the planimetric map 1884, the international regulation adopted b
inevitably requires us to find such an ellipsoid. Such an ellipsoid has characteristics: it can be quantified and calculated. Has a long half axis, short half axis, eccentricity. The following lines are the krasovsky_1940 ellipsoid and its corresponding parameters. spheroid:krasovsky_1940Semimajor axis:6378245.000000000000000000Semiminor axis:6356863.018773047300000000Inverse flattening (flat rate): 298.300000000000010000However, with this ellipsoid it is not enough, and a geodetic datum is nee
Pole, we can draw many large circles perpendicular to the earth's equator in the North-South direction, which is called the "Meridian Circle ".The line segments of some circles are called longitude lines. In the year of the planimetric map 1884, the international regulation adopted by the Greenwich Observatory on the outskirts of LondonThe longitude line is used as the start point for calculating the longitude, that is, the longitude is 0 minutes 0 s
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