(operands ). For example, the arm system is R0 to R15, so four bits are required to represent it. Of course, the arm register also has the concept of a group, that is, the registers that the CPU may see in different working modes may be different, such as R13 and R14. During decoding, not only the instruction operand must be used as the input, but also the value of the Current Status Register must be used as the input.
What is the reason for the 16-b
Several situations returned by arm exception interruptionsImportant basic knowledge: R15 (PC) always points to the instruction that is taking the finger, instead of the instruction that is executing or decoding. In general, it is customary to refer to the first instruction as a reference point, so PC always points to the third instruction. When the arm status is set, each command is 4 bytes long, so the PC always points to the command address plus an
problem,
1.2 Special-Purpose registers
Some of the registers in the ARM processor have a special purpose as shown below:
Register Device
Use
R0-r3
Passing parameters and return values
R7
Frame pointer, pointing to the handover of the parent function to the called child function in the stack
R9
Reserved by the system before iOS3.0
R12
Internal procedure call memory, dy
Apple watches are currently 32-bit. This is most likely because 32-bit ARM CPUs typically have a smaller power than their 64-bit siblings. This is important for the watch because the battery is very small.X86_64 Register calling conventionYour CPU uses a set of registers to process the data that is running. These are storage devices, just like the memory in your computer. However, they are located on the CPU itself, very close to the CPU portion. So the CPU accesses them very quickly.Most direc
ARM Architecture and programmingThis article records some of the books that read "ARM architecture and programming".Personally, when learning arm system, do not need to memorize, as long as some key to the general memory, such as ARM Register (General Register, PC, LR, SP, CPSR, SPSR), ARM interrupt processing system, commonly used arm assembly instructions.This article is basically from the book, are some of the key knowledge, need we often go to review.I. ARM overview7 operating modes for ARM
1, content assistance:alt+/2, Modify the small red Fork method:ctrl+13, Import all the required classes:Shift+ctrl+o4. switch directly to the beginning of the next line:Shift+enter5. copy up:shift+ctrl+↑6. copy down:shift+ctrl+↓7, all lowercase:shift+ctrl+y8, All caps:shift+ctrl+x9. Code Movement:alt+↑or↓10, Single-line Comments (uncomment):ctrl+/11, Multi-line Comment:shift+ctrl+/12. Uncomment Multiple lines:shift+ctrl+\13. Delete the selected line:ctrl+d14. modify the name of the same paramete
Virtual Machine in native code.# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.#The log header file contains summary information that outlines the cause of the crash.The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.It is obvious that this crash is due to JNI.Second, the next view thread information during crash ---------------T H R E A D---------------Current thread (0x00007f90cc03f800): Javathread "Restartedmain" [_thread_in_ Native, id=23577, Stack (0x00007f8fab2e6000,0
ARM-to-Thumb register correspondence relationship
PC Register: ARM status is r15,thumb State for PC
LR Register: ARM status is R14,thumb state is LR
SP Register: ARM status is r13,thumb State is SP
IP register: ARM status is r12,thumb status is IP
FP register: ARM status is r11,thumb status FP
Other correspondence relationship one by one sameARM and Thumb instruction setInstruction format:which
OpCode to Mnemonic
Egcapable 0x0008/* Able to do auto-negotiation */#define BMSR_RFAULT 0x0010/* Remote fault Detect Ed */#define BMSR_ANEGCOMPLETE 0x0020/* auto-negotiation complete */#define BMSR_RESV 0x 00C0/* Unused ... */#define Bmsr_estaten 0x0100/* Extended Status in R15 */#define BMSR_100FULL2 0x0200/* Can do 10 0BASE-T2 HDX */#define BMSR_100HALF2 0x0400/* Can do 100base-t2 FDX */#define BMSR_10HALF 0x0800/* Ca n Do 10mbps, Half-duplex */#defi
, vector analysis and the realization of virtual reality provide the hardware Foundation. By providing more registers, CPUs produced in accordance with the X86-64 standard are more efficient at processing data and can transmit more information in a single clock cycle.
EM64T Technology
Intel officially defines it for EM64T: the EM64T full name Extended Memory Technology, which extends 64bit memory technology. EM64T is an extension of the Intel IA-32 Architecture, IA-32E (Intel Architectur-32 e
result of the 15th round on the right (R15) as the final result (L16) of the left-hand operation, while the last result on the right (R16) is the result of the left 15th round (L15) and the result of the function F operation After that, the left and right sections are joined together through an inverse permutation, outputting the ciphertext.
The actual encryption process is divided into two simultaneous processes, the encryption process and the key
Benchmark R15 ranking Processor test platform is attached, which provides a ranking of CPU performance as shown below.
2016 Desktop Processor Performance ranking chart
2016CPU Ladder Diagram Description:
The current processor brand is only Intel and AMD two, of which Intel is the absolute boss, in the low-end, high-end, high-end processor market has an absolute advantage, AMD platform in recent years relatively poor performance, main
The ARM processor uses an assembly line to increase the speed of the processor's instruction flow, allowing several operations to be performed simultaneously, and making the operations between the processing and memory systems smoother and more continuous, providing 0.9mips/mhz instruction execution speed. The PC represents the program counter, the pipeline uses three stages, so the instruction is divided into three stages:
1. Refer to (Load an instruction from memory);
2. Decoding (identifying
LR.
The register is used to hold the return address of the subroutine.
Register R15 is called a program counter and is recorded as a PC.
2 The use rule of the stack atpcs the stack with the full decrement type (fd,full descending), that is, the stack grows downward by reducing the memory address, and the stack pointer points to the lowest address that contains the valid data item.
3 The first 4 of the parameter's pass rule integer parameters are pass
scheduling (contains history)
Work copy-> address (URL): Immediately submit a work copy to address (URL)
Address (URL)-> working copy: Check out address (URL) to working directory, through scheduling into
Row increase
Address (URL)-> address (URL): Full server-side replication; general for branches and labels
SVN cp foo.txtbar.txt Local file copy
SVN cp $URL $dir Local new $url directory, $url directory will be placed under $dir
SVN cp $URL 1$url2–m "Note" to produce a submit operation
SVN cp
One, ARM register
R15: Alias PC, Chinese to program counter; its value is the position of the currently executing instruction in memory.
R14: Alias LR, Chinese translation into a link register, it is closely related to subroutine calls, used to store the return address of the subroutine, is the ARM program to implement subroutine calls the key.
R13: Alias SP, Chinese to stack pointer register, which is used to store the stack's top address (memory loc
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