application server and its clients (traveling) is not limited to simple display tags. Instead, this information is the program logic. It is this logic that makes the takes data and method calls (calls) rather than static HTML, so that the client can use the exposed business logic as it pleases.In most cases, the application server exposes the business logic (expose) (to the client application) through the component (component) application interface (API), for example, based on the Java 2 Platfo
different methods, namely, IP packets, ATM cells, SDH frames, and WDM wavelengths. In actual use, there is no need for so many bandwidth particles. In terms of functions, each layer has functions of adjacent layers, especially the protection and recovery functions. Each layer has functions that make it very complex and even conflict with each other. In short, the existing layer-4 network structure cannot meet the needs of data business development, and new technical means must be developed.Figu
practical application of the research direction, more and more organizations and groups are paying attention to this issue.
The evolution from IPv4 to IPv6 is a long-term complex process, so it is impossible to achieve it overnight in the short term, at present, there are two main types of solutions: Pure IP network evolution solution and MPLS network evolution solution. Pure IP network solution refers to the basic process of using IP networks as the
.
The evolution from IPv4 to IPv6 is a long-term complex process, so it is impossible to achieve it overnight in the short term, at present, there are two main types of solutions: Pure IP network evolution solution and MPLS network evolution solution. Pure IP network solution refers to the basic process of using IP networks as the bearer upper-layer services at the backbone, Metro, and access layers. means; MPLS
Gateway) mechanism to support some special application protocols, without any modification to the NAT platform, it has good scalability. The packets of these special protocols carry the address or port information, which may also need to be converted.
Supported special protocols include: FTP (file transfer protocol, file transfer protocol), PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, point-to-point tunnel protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol, internet Control Message Protocol), DNS (
encapsulated at Layer 3rd of the network protocol stack. The following tunnel protocols are available:IPSecIP Security) Protocol: the IPSec protocol is not a separate protocol. It provides a complete set of architecture for data Security on the IP network, including AHAuthentication Header), ESPEncapsulating Security Payload) IKEInternet Key Exchange. To ensure the integrity, authenticity, anti-replay and private nature of data packets during network upload and transmission.GREGeneric Routing E
another, while the route table describes the network information and directs the data packet from one machine to another. 4. misunderstandings
At present, many people understand the implementation of a system. These people are similar to three categories. The first type is proficient in Linux kernel, the second type is proficient in the configuration of Cisco devices, and the third type is proficient in Windows Network Programming and NDIS. The three types have very few common intersections, so
As a new network architecture, SDN has become a hot topic in the industry. The open network it advocates represents a change in the concept of network construction from adapting network capabilities to actively adapting network capabilities to the needs of network applications. Separation of forwarding and control, centralized control, and open network programming interfaces are the main features of SDN network architecture.
As the main SDN protocol, openflow hopes to use a new forwarding protoc
The current network construction has been developed from the original regional network to cross-regional, trans-city wide area Connection, and the security requirements of the network and the increasing carrying business, with the original means of networking many problems difficult to solve. Because of the inherent advantages of MPLS VPN technology, the special network has solved the problems that bother users and integrators. The following is the us
clear boundary, Do not want to provide their own internal network information to other people to share. This kind of function is distinct and has the characteristic of stratification, it is the main characteristic of overlapping model.
The Peer-to-peer model unifies the control plane of the optical transmission network level and the Service Exchange network level, uses the unified control plane, from the control point of view, they are equal, does not divide the upper and lower level, its addr
. There are many ways to integrate the IPv6 router service on the carrier's core Backbone Network: IPv6 private network, Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 router backbone network, or the existing MPLS backbone network can be run on multiple different data link layers. If IPv6 data traffic and generated business income meet the required investment and risks agreed by both parties, users can deploy these solutions on the backbone network. We need a way to build a re
The performance of Huawei enterprise-level routers is still very good, and the market demand is gradually increasing. Here we will introduce the Huawei NetEngine enterprise-level routers to you, quidwayNetEngine 20E/20 series routers are the fifth-generation enterprise-level high-performance Routers developed by Huawei Technology Co., Ltd. for carriers, industry networks, and enterprise networks. NE20E/NE20 series enterprise router according to the number of business slot can be divided into NE2
on, may be necessary in some slices, but are not required in other network slices. Operators can tailor their network slices in the way they want, and may be the most cost-effective way.How to implement network slicing between the two (2) Edge and core cloud network slices: ip/mpls-sdnThe software-defined network, although a very simple concept when introduced first, is now becoming more and more complex. In the case of overlay, SDN technology is abl
For example, I need to apply this patch for my Linux source code:http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/davem/net.gi t/diff/?id=fe82b3300ec9c0dc4ba871f9a58b265aadf4e186First, I copy this paragraph to a file in local directory:/usr/src/linux-4.3/patch.file."Diff--git A/net/mpls/mpls_iptunnel.c B/net/mpls/mpls_iptunnel.cIndex 67591AE.. 64afd3d 100644---a/net/mpls
find the 00000g master file "22.7. m2ts.
Figure 7
Then, the "bdedit" software is used to further analyze the "playlist" and "clipinf" of the main file ". Open "bdedit" and click "folder" on the left of the "read" button to specify
The file information of "index. bdmv" and "movieobject. bdmv" is read in the "E: \ the_last_samura" window.
Figure 8
You do not need to perform any operations here. Click the next "playlist" window. The program will not pre-read data at the beginning. Click
In the SD module, the pricing process is a very important feature. The pricing process used in the document depends on three factors.
1) Sale Area)
This data comes from the sales data maintained by customers who are sold-to party.
2) pricing of customer master data (vd03-sales region data (sale area data)-sales-customer Pr
code, virtual connection virtual concatenation, and Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme-LCAS. GSMP is designed to implement multiple data services and use statistical multiplexing to work with existing underlying transmission links. This not only improves the efficiency of transmission bandwidth usage, but also guarantees the QoS and SLA of connection services.
It can be said that green is a simple and easy-to-use Adaptation Mechanism for transmitting Ethernet and Fiber Channel in the fiber network
service levels.
High reliability:It adopts a highly reliable modular design method. All boards, fans, and power supply modules support hot swapping. It provides dual-power 1 + 1 backup modules with redundant backups and passive backboards; provides software hot Patching Technology to completely smooth upgrade of equipment; supports dynamic routing protocols, MPLS Traffic Engineering, and provides protection mechanisms such as IP/
It is very useful to learn about the cell packaging technology. So I studied the cell Packaging Technology in Cisco routers. I will share it with you here, hoping it will be useful to you. Cell packaging, also known as cell concatenation) is a mechanism that encapsulates multiple cell relay asynchronous transmission modes (ATM) cells into the same IP/MPLS group. It enables telecom operators to overcome the low bandwidth efficiency inherent in cell rel
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