In this document, there are several things that are involved:
Fast Reroute Frr--fast Re-route
Link protection
Node protection
Path protection
Some other advanced protection mechanisms.
Before we begin, we need to understand why protection and recovery are needed.
Some of the networks sometimes fail, and these failures involve a wide range of lines, fiber loose/broken to router crashes.
In IGP, if network turbulence is encountered, OSPF or other routing protocols recalculate the topology,
I. MPLS IN BGP Theory
No mpls ip propagate-ttl [forwarded | local]
Note: you only need to configure this command on the entry PE!
If you want to hide the P router in the public network, and the PE router entry PE at the egress, you can use this command if it is not tracked by traceroute in the private network.
By default, when an IP packet arrives at the entry PE, the TTL value in the IP packet header is
One: MPLS in PE1.LDP Neighbors cannot establishA, see if the neighbor does not have any neighbors then first look at the configurationis the protocol correct ?whether the related interface is enabled MPLSIPB, the bottom of the Route-id not reachC,646 was cut offLDP 's Hello packet UDP 646Update Packet TCP 646The TDP is 711 .D , Copp kill it. 646 2. Track the destination route PE addressin the Check show MPLS
In SAP's pricing configuration, we often use reference structures and reference fields (condition tables and storage order). How are these fields used, with this curiosity, I read the sap source code (function sd_cond_access) and recorded my understanding for your reference.
Step 1 call the t682z_select sub-process to read from t682z and store the data in sequence to t682z_tab.Perform t682z_select tables t682z_tabUsing t682i_ IChanging subrc.Splice th
product pricing is very reasonable and competitive. 9 of the prices for shell fish platter in a high-end restaurant are stupid. No one who wants to eat lobster for $170 will seek a discount. However, when buying underwear for the same person (the research has repeatedly showed), the price is more likely to end with 9. Remember: Shopping is a attention game. Consumers are not only looking for products. They are also looking for evidence that the produ
Link:#include int main(){ puts("转载请注明出处[vmurder]谢谢"); puts("网址:blog.csdn.net/vmurder/article/details/45334857");}ExercisesThe enumeration is followed by several
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When configuring pricing in SD and mm, you often need to maintain the account key ). For business consultants, you need to find the account key used in the module's pricing process to facilitate the configuration and use of the account key ). SAP provides us with the following tools:
1. Path and Method
Module 1.1
T-code: omrs
IMG-> Material Management-> purchasing-> conditions-> define price determinati
Absrtact: Broadband IP metropolitan Area network, routing planning and design is the core link. In the beginning of the network, must be integrated planning. According to the construction of the metropolitan area Network, the routing strategy based on Bgp/mpls VPN is adopted, which is proved to be feasible by practice.
Key words: BGP MPLS VPN IP Routing strategy
1 Broadband metropolitan Area Network overv
How to enable the MPLS module#Modprobe Mpls_routerModprobe MPLS_GSOModprobe Mpls_iptunnelSysctl-w net.mpls.conf.lo.input=1Sysctl-w net.mpls.platform_labels=1048575How to create the virtual interface and bridge interface#IP link Add veth0 type Veth peer name Veth1IP link Add brm type bridgeIP link set eth1 master BRMIP link set veth0 master BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.99/24 dev BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.100/24 dev Veth0IP link Set BRM upIP link Set veth0
When the MPLS network is troubleshooting, it should follow from the control plane and the network plane to troubleshoot.
Let's take a look at what two planes do.
Above is the control plane, below is the network plane.
From the forwarding plane is the network plane, there will only be two kinds of messages, inbound for the IP packet, and inbound for the MPLS tag packet, then the corresponding two messag
Data Packets transmitted in the MPLS network can have multiple labels. Generally, there is only one label for data transmission in the MPLS network, and there are two labels in the mpls vpn. This is the label stack, they are called the top label and the bottom stack label respectively. The inner layer label should be the bottom stack label, and the outer layer la
MPLS: Multiprotocol label Switching. What exactly is MPLS ?1, MPLS Overview: The use of label forwarding instead of traditional routing and forwarding, greatly improve the forwarding rate, and MPLS in traffic engineering and QoS areas are of great use.2. Tags: MPLS uses tags
In the HUB-AND-SPOKE environment of mpls vpn, for the sake of security AND cost, the branches are not interconnected, AND the access between the branches must go through the firewall of the headquarters, both the security effect and the cost are saved.The experiment topology is as follows:Due to the existence of the downstream bits and domain tags in the anti-ring mechanism of OSPF, the route may not be received in the outbound VRF of r6. therefore, t
MPLS (Multi-propocol Label Switching) is a Multi-Protocol Label exchange.MPLS is a third-generation network architecture and a new generation of IP High-Speed Backbone Network Exchange Standard, proposed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Group, led by Cisco, ascend, 3Com, and other network equipment manufacturers.MPLS is an integrated IP over ATM technology. It combines routing functions on Frame Relay and ATM switch,
However, we can look at the problem of "independent pricing" from another perspective, that is, "eliminating knowledge barriers ".
First, software is closer to a knowledge product than hardware, or an intermediary product that obtains knowledge ". In regions with different income levels, the price of such "intermediary products that acquire knowledge" is consistent, which may damage the ability of people in low-income areas to acquire knowledge.
For e
At present, the MPLS fast rerunning technology is widely used. We believe that with the development of the communication industry, the MPLS fast rerunning technology will be more comprehensive and stable, bringing users a good network environment. To meet real-time applications such as video conferencing and television services, LSP protection capabilities similar to traditional SDHAPS must be provided for
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