Background: two lines used by our company, one of which is the MPLS line of China Telecom. We need to transmit the routes to the BGP Route of China Telecom, the BGP routing protocol of China Telecom is transmitted to the corresponding routing table of the headquarters.Symptom:Suddenly, the MPLS line of China Telecom was disconnected, and Netcare called to report the fault. I thought the optical fiber was di
information security products.
2 device testing to achieve secure communication
At present, the most important way to realize secure communication is to adopt VPN technology, VPN technology has three main categories, based on MPLS VPN, VPN based on IP technology and SSL VPN based on application layer technology. These VPN technology and equipment testing can be easily achieved through the Ixia company's tools.
for debugging operations.
Before using debugging ip packet, note: by default, the vro performs fast switching or performs CEF switching under specific configurations. That is to say, if these methods are available, no data package is provided to the processor. Therefore, debugging does not display any content. To display debugging content, you must use no ip route-cache (applicable to single-point packet sending) or no ip mroute-cache (applicable to multicast packets) to prohibit fast exchange
also be used with BGP4, BGP4 +, OSPFv2/v3, ISISv4/v6, VPN and PIM-SMv4/v6 vro protocols.
Graceful Restart (perfect Restart) is a mechanism designed to minimize the impact of Router Protocol Restart. It aims to minimize route Jitter Caused by router Restart, reduces the waste of route computing resources and network bandwidth resources. Various router protocols such as OSPF, BGP, ISIS and MPLS protocol RSVP-TE and LDP protocols both need to support th
growing IP bearer network and the increasingly mature routing and exchange technology equipment, to ensure high capacity, high performance and high speed IP bearer network development requirements. With the development of the latest route exchange technology, the traditional test content such as route table capacity test, exchange and forwarding capability test, and even oscillating test cannot meet the test requirements of high capacity, high performance, and function-rich route exchange techn
network, the reliability design of related products, the online software upgrade capability ISSU), and the non-interrupt path capability ISSU), MPLS, xslow and other technologies are also crucial.
"Deploying a G switch network is not a simple replacement ." Zhuo Lin believes that "with the optimization of the network structure and system adjustment, deploying a GB network is a gradual upgrade process ." For example, in the campus network, you need to
With the rapid growth of network infrastructure construction, the link technology of wide-area private networks in various industries has also undergone major changes. Traditional wide-area private networks are generally implemented by renting point-to-point long-distance ddnleased lines. problems such as long construction periods and difficult maintenance exist. With the popularization of MPLS technology, bgp mpl
classification requires packet header check for each packet entering the router, we need a quick classification algorithm.
QoS Problems
If real QoS can be achieved, it is of course the most ideal for the Internet to become a network for commercial applications. When network congestion is unavoidable, IETF puts forward some models and mechanisms to support QoS. There are two main implementation frameworks: ISIntegrated Service and DSDifferentiated Service ). Where, IS application Resource Reserv
the existing IPv4 network tunnel. In this case, the tunnel can be manually configured, such as tunnel or MPLS. Operators with IPv4 access resources can also consider IPv4 access Network transformation, this allows the existing IPv4 access server to access IPv6 users. The access server should be able to allocate different types of addresses based on user authentication conditions, and support creating tunnels to connect IPv6 users to the backbone netw
, parallax Scrolling, Touch screen and accelerometer input. Use box2d, chipmunk physics ...Implementation and application of QoS in iOSAuthor: guoqing authored pages: 212 Publishing House: Beijing: Electronic Industry Publishing house published date: 2012.03Summary: This book is a comprehensive, systematic introduction to professional books that use Cisco IOS to achieve Differentiated Service mode QoS. The book is divided into 10 chapters, based on the principle of QoS, implementation and applic
is the true core, application acceptance is the criterion for selection. For the user, carry on the application "network transformation", make it match with the new network is an essential part of the SD-WAN application.
3. Analysis of difficulties in deployment of operator SD-WAN
Currently, three basic carriers are providing WAN services. "BAT" is currently gradually implementing self-built WAN. Taking China Telecom, China Telecom, China's largest basic carrier, as an example, has established
Subject: Application of Intelligent Multi-Agent System in MPLS Traffic Management
1. MPLS Traffic ManagementThe traffic of a common IP network is the best-effort forwarding mode, and the IP transmission route is not planned in advance. Network bandwidth cannot be reserved in advance.MPLS-based network traffic management is designed to reserve network bandwidth. Once a physical link fails, it can be quickly
technology.
Data transmission (DTS) is one of the security services for online e-commerce. 27.1.7 transmit symmetric keys using asymmetric keys 27.1.8 National password and security product management
Password levels include commercial passwords, common passwords, top secret passwords, and military passwords. 27.2 virtual private network and virtual private network 1. Basic concepts of VPN and VLAN
VPN and VLAN are temporary and secure connections on a shared network (generally Internet. 2.
transmission capabilities. Currently, there are only two technologies that support multi-service transmission: the traditional MSTP Technology and the PWE3/MPLS-based grouped transmission technology. With the IP transformation of the transmission network, PWE3/MPLS technology has become a key demand in the mobile bearer field.
TD-SCDMA, CDMA, Wi-MAX and LTE (including TD-LTE and FDD-LTE) have requirements
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching mechanism can be added to facilitate DCN to support connection-oriented SCN businesses. The mpls lsp function is an improvement to the original DCN network to meet the needs of the automatic switching optical network. At the same time, because the implementation of the core functions of ASON depends on the control plane, DCN is the physical bearer platform implemented by
provide increased bandwidth and better QoS support for the network, so they play a major role in promoting the development of VoIP.
VoIP system composition 3. IP Address Transmission
Most transmission telecommunication networks adopt the time-division multiplexing mode. The Internet must adopt the statistical multiplexing and variable-length group switching mode. Compared with the two, the latter has a high utilization rate on network resources, interconnection is simple and effective, and is v
develops. However, in the era of the Internet network bubble, the main contradiction lies in the forwarding performance of routers. Therefore, the greatest progress of the last four generations of router technology lies in speed. However, with the rapid development of broadband Internet, the defects of the basic IP network technology are increasingly exposed. Problems such as network operation failure, IP address shortage, IP service quality problems, and IP Security are all seriously hindering
testing technology, and even the oscillation test cannot meet the routing and exchange testing technical requirements of high capacity, high performance, and rich functional routing and exchange equipment. For example:
(1) The combination of OSPF and LDP promotes the development of VPLS technology;
(2) The integration of ISIS + RSVP + BGP and other protocols promotes the rapid application of L3VPN technology;
(3) The combination of OSPF + LDP + PIM + BGP promotes the development and wide applic
theoretical analysis. A 622 Mbit/s ATMVP Service supports more than a 2.5 Gbit/s/sSDH ring, from which we can see the advantages of ATM statistics reuse. From the perspective of development trends, telecom operations should be tailored to a variety of users. If a business can have a variety of service categories and price options, it will undoubtedly attract users at different levels. Because IP addresses can only provide the best-effort service and pay by traffic, SDH can only provide fully gu
From 10 m to 10G, in just over a dozen years, the development of Ethernet technology has completed an order of magnitude leap, the formation of new high-speed Ethernet technology standards, enable Ethernet technology out of the narrow space of the LAN and fully support the construction of large-scale and long-distance networks such as WAN and MAN. In addition, the development of MPLS technology and the gradual maturity of fast self-healing STP technol
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