Editor's note: Sdn-ip is an application on Onos that allows software-defined networks to connect to external networks using standard Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). From a BGP perspective, the SDN network behaves as a single autonomous system (as), with the same behavior as any traditional as. The SDN-IP application based on as provides an integrated integration mechanism between
Mpls vpn L3 PE-CE static explanationL3 mpls vpn static CE route configuration: -- 1. IGP is deployed between P and PE devices to ensure that the loopback address is reachable. -- 2. Deploy LDP, IGP, and LDP between P and PE devices for Label Distribution of backbone networks. IGP ensures that the loop ports between PES can be reached, so that LDP can work normally. -- 3, PE equipment between establish MP-BGP Neighbor Relationship -- 4, PE equipment co
The Border Gateway Protocol, also known as BGP, is mainly used to connect to the routing protocol of independent systems on the Internet, it is an enhanced, comprehensive, and scalable protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Group.
1. routes include two basic actions: determining the optimal path and transmitting information groups (usually called groups) over the network. The Network Transmission Group is relatively simple, and the path d
CCNP comprehensive experiment-
The top labs are as follows:
650) this. width = 650; "alt =" "border =" 0 "src =" http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201104/185551130.jpg "/>Lab requirements: 1: R3, R4 for NAT, R3 E0/1 for export, and R4 E0/0 for export. 2: R3, R4, R5, R7, R8 do OSPF, R3, R4, R5, R7 do frame-relay, R7 do FR switch. . 8.8.8 reaches 1.1.1.1 and is converted from R3 to public IP address 3.3.3.3. 8.8.8.9 when 1.1.1.1 is reached, it is switched from R4 to public IP address 4.4.4.4. 192.
chart tries to display the positions of different TCP/IP and other protocols in the original OSI model:
7
Application Layer
Such as HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, telnet, sip, ssh, NFS, RTSP, XMPP, Whois, ENRP
6
Presentation Layer
For example, XDR, ASN.1, SMB, AFP, and NCP
5
Session Layer
Such as ASAP, ssh, ISO 8327/CCITT x.225, RPC, NETBIOS, ASP, WinSock, BSD sockets
4
Transport Layer
For example,
BGP is a path vector routing protocol, which is to exchange routing information between autonomous systems in order to discover the most efficient way to access data somewhere on the Internet. How do I choose the best path for routing? The Cisco borderless network reveals the BGP 14 route selection principles for us:BGP Routing Principle: prerequisites (The next hop to the route, shutdown synchronization, r
modification, the router that supports label switching is LSR (Label Switch Router), and the ATM switch that supports MPLS is generally called atm-LSR.
The architecture of the LSR device is as follows:
The architecture of LSR is divided into two parts:
1. Control Plane)
The function of this module is to exchange layer-3 routing information with other LSR to establish a route table, and to exchange the binding information of labels to the route, so as to create the label inform
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View summary:2014 soft test programmer-frequent test knowledge point review notes [summary]650) This. width = 650; "alt =" popular article "src =" http://www.exam8.com/images/hot.
650) this.width=650; "src=" http://imga.chrome001.com/article/201603/24/2145032eeekhcvevwinciu.png "border=" 0 " Class= "Shadow" alt= "My IP Address" style= "border:0px;vertical-align:middle;margin-bottom:0px;"/>Plugin Introduction:Many times we need to use the IP address, this noun may be known to everyone, but do you know how to check your own IP address? Today we recommend a plugin to view IP addresses. My IP address, this application displays information about your IP address, such as geoloc
Linux, as a new operating system, is gradually accepted by users due to its stable performance, open source code, and price advantages. At present, Linux is mainly used in the server field. However, after proper configuration, it can also serve as the physical cornerstone of the Internet-vro.
A vro is a communication node in the Communication Subnet. Each vro calculates and maintains a route table and guides the datagram to the next stop in the optimal path. This is a so-called route. In this w
mechanisms, and one of the keys to promoting WiMAX technology is to provide End-to-end QoS guarantees for multimedia services such as voice and video. To solve this problem, we first need each network unit to effectively manage the local resources to provide the End-to-end service load to meet the business needs, and at the same time, the QoS parameter mapping of the application layer will load the corresponding attribute parameter. WiMAX network hosting consists of two parts: wireless bearer a
cluster can communicate in the same virtual network.Fannel first connects to Etcd, uses ETCD to manage assignable IP address segment resources, monitors the actual address of each pod in Etcd, and builds a POD node routing table in memory that encapsulates the packets sent to it by DOCKER0. The connection of the physical network is used to deliver the data to the target flannel, which completes the pod-to-pod communication.Fannel in order to not conflict with the pod IP on other nodes, each tim
boundary.
4) determines the route redistribution direction.
You can use the following command to reallocate route updates (this example is for OSPF ):
Router (config-router) # redistribute protocol [process-id] [metric-value] [metric-type-value] [subnets]
In this command:
◎ Protocol: Specifies the source route protocol for Route redistribution on the vro.
The main values are bgp, eqp, igrp, isis, ospf, static [ip], connected, and rip.
◎ Process-id: i
for OSPF ):
Router (config-router) # redistribute protocol [process-id] [metric-value] [metric-type-value] [subnets]
In this command:
Protocol: Specifies the source route protocol for Route redistribution on the vro.
The main values are bgp, eqp, igrp, isis, ospf, static [ip], connected, and rip.
Process-id: the ID of the OSPF process.
Metric: an optional parameter used to specify the metric value of the route for redistribution. The default measurem
is at the boundary.4) determines the route redistribution direction.You can use the following command to reallocate route updates (this example is for OSPF ):Router (config-router) # redistribute protocol [process-id] [metric-value] [metric-type-value] [subnets]In this command:◎ Protocol: Specifies the source route protocol for Route redistribution on the vro.The main values are bgp, eqp, igrp, isis, ospf, static [ip], connected, and rip.◎ Process-id
route redistribution direction.You can use the following command to reallocate route updates (this example is for OSPF ):Router (config-router) # redistribute protocol [process-id] [metric-value] [metric-type-value] [subnets]In this command:◎ Protocol: Specifies the source route protocol for Route redistribution on the vro.The main values are bgp, eqp, igrp, isis, ospf, static [ip], connected, and rip.◎ Process-id: indicates the OSPF process ID.◎ Met
flood
Debug ip ospf lsa-generation
Debug ip ospf packet
Debug ip ospf retransmission
Debug ip ospf spf
Debug ip ospf tree
Common OSPF faults: Each OSPF area cannot exceed 100 routers, and the entire network cannot exceed 700 routers. The wildcard mask is improperly configured;
VII. Handling BGP faults
The key configuration of BGP (including IBGP and EBGP) is the neighbor relationship, and
Linux, as a new operating system, is gradually accepted by users due to its stable performance, open source code, and price advantages. At present, Linux is mainly used in the server field. However, after proper configuration, it can also serve as the physical cornerstone of the Internet-vro.
A vro is a communication node in the Communication Subnet. Each vro calculates and maintains a route table and guides the datagram to the next stop in the optimal path. This is a so-called route. In this wa
agreement at the core, which at the border.
4) Determine the direction of routing redistribution.
The following command can be used to redistribute routing updates (this example is for OSPF):
Router (config-router) #redistribute Protocol[process-id] [metric metric-value] [metric-type type-value] [subnets]
In this command:
Protocol: Indicates the source routing protocol to which the router will route the redistribution.
The main values are: BGP,
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