using the loop monitoring function to determine the network loop phenomenon.
Enable port loop monitoring
To enable the switch to automatically determine whether a network loop exists in the local LAN, We need to enable the port loop monitoring function of the switch and enable the port loop monitoring control function. However, by default, these functions are all disabled. You need to manually configure the switch to enable the monitoring function of the specified port and the controlled functi
Transfer http://blog.csdn.net/goodboy1881/article/details/665061
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The data link layer has three purposes:
Sends and receives IP data packets for the IP module.
Sends ARP requests to the ARP module and receives ARP responses.
Send RARP requests for RARP and receive RARP responses
We have heard of IP addresses. As for ARP and RARP, ARP is called the Address Resolution Protocol. It is a protocol that uses IP addresses for MAC addresses, while RARP is
As shown in, the STP protocol can only solve the loop shown in Figure A. If a vswitch downlink has a loop, the upper-layer switch may be paralyzed, and the STP protocol cannot solve this problem, in this case, you must use other solutions.
I. Cisco switches1. Enable portfast globallySpanning-tree portfast default2. Enable BPDU protection under the interfaceSpanning-tree bpduguard enable3. Enable BPDU protection for all ports globallyC3560G-1 (config) # spanning-tree portfast defaultC3560G-1 (con
# And how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces (5 ).
#
# The loopback network interface (configure The loopback interface)
Auto lo # auto lo Interface
Iface lo inet loopback # configure the lo interface as the loopback Port
# The primary network interface (configure The primary network interface)
Aut
multicast range. 11.3.3 Multicast programming is implemented using the setsockopt () function and the getsockopt () function, and the multicast option is the IP layer, with the option values and meanings shown in 11.5.
Table 11.5 Multicast-related options
Options for getsockopt ()/setsockopt ()
Meaning
Ip_multicast_ttl
Set the TTL value for multicast group data
Ip_add_membership
Join the multicast group on the specified interface
Ip_d
replace-> the Replace command.
When we look at the code we wrote two weeks ago, it's often like we saw it for the first time, so it's necessary to have a name that helps us understand its meaning.2, even if you do not use visual Studio. NET programming, using code support files also helps improve application performance
In all asp.net Web projects, such as Web applications, Web services, or Web controls, Visual Studio. NET uses code support files. The code support file makes the project better
:The following is an Ethernet frame captured by Wireshark:RFC 894 requires that the minimum data frame size be 60 bytes (48-byte data + 12-byte header). To ensure this, pad bytes must be inserted in insufficient space. at the same time, each data link layer protocol has a MTU (maximum transmission unit) Definition. Under this definition, fragmentation is required if the IP datagram is too large ). in Linux, the MTU of eth0 displayed in netstat-in is 1500 bytes.Loopback. Most products support
ONBOOT = yes
HWADDR = 00: 50: 56: 95: 09: 76
LAST_CONNECT = 1411004329
Solution:
Directly renamed the ifcfg-Auto_eth0 file to eth0, restart the network card will find that the network card name has changed to eth0
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Service network restart
Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]
Bringing up interface eth0: Active connection state: activated
2. ifconfig finds that the NIC service name has not changed
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Ifconfig
Auto_et
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How does one achieve load balancing on multiple links?
Two methods:
1. Build an EBGP neighbor using the loopback port and use EBGP multi-hop
2. EBGP multipath
The following two methods are discussed:
1. B
frame format: 1) Each frame is marked with the character 0x7e start and end 2) address, the value is always 0xFF (represents all hosts on a link? ) 3) protocol control Byte, 0x03 4) for the special character 0x7e, in the asynchronous link, as an escape character, in the PPP data frame, the sixth bit of the tightly attached character to take its complement. A, if the message has a character 0x7e, the continuous transmission of two characters 0x7d and 0x5e B, if the escape character, the continuo
RedHat6.5 Nic problem summary
Problem description: Prepare to use RedHat6.5 to install Oracle 12c RAC. After the system environment is ready, find that the configuration of the new RedHat Nic is not the same as before. The problem and solution are summarized as follows:
1. The eth0 file cannot be found.
In the use of RedHat6.5, the new installed system, found that no eth0 Nic, the default first Nic is the Auto-eth0
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_eth0
TYPE = Ether
machines;1. Simulate the creation of a virtual machine disk device and build a local loopback file:
Create Virtual Disk storage directory:
# MKDIR/XEN/IMAGES-PV
Enter directory to create virtual machine disk device:
# cd/xen/images/
# dd If=/dev/zero of=./ Busybox.img bs=1m oflag=direct seek=2047 count=1
View device size, you can find the actual size is 1MB:
# ll-h Total
1.0M
-rw-r--r--1 Root root 2.0G Feb 6 20:15 busybox.img
2). format
happen if the same lecturer spoke at the same volume in a busy football field. The lecturer will have to increase his volume so that his voice needs to signal) the difference from the crowd's background noise) to be heard. This is ACR.
In fact, the development of application technology still needs to measure new parameters. Return Loss, expressed in dB) form, is a reflection of some signals caused by mismatch of characteristic impedance. Ripple loss is an increasingly important parameter when t
cable is considered genuine (Note: it cannot be completely guaranteed :)).
Then determine the type of the twisted pair. The wires in the twisted pair cables are paired, and each two wires is a pair and twisted. According to the U. S. Cable specification (AWG): All wires in twisted pair wires should be 4 pairs, a total of 8. However, the 10 M Ethernet standard requires only two pairs of wire transmission signals, so some of the three types of twisted pair wires are two pairs, while some are four
SystemsDifferent twisted pair categories represent the rate at which the system can provide.Maximum Transmission Rate of cable categoryClass 1 CAT1) Analog voice signal below 1 MbpsCategory 2 CAT2) 4 Mbps IBM cabling system for the licensing RingClass 3 CAT3) 16 Mbps 10Base-T EthernetClass 4 CAT4) 20 Mbps card ringCategory 5 CAT5) 100 Mbps 100Base-T Ethernet1000 Mbps (4 pairs)Over 5 CAT5E) 100 M bps Ethernet, ATM155 MbpsCAT6)-25om broadband applicati
and is processed, it is restored to the signal required by the device through CIP-SS-96 serial port and TCP/IP conversion server.
Tip: The network cable is cut off about 80 meters from the near end, and then connected together can also achieve remote connection within 200 meters.
2. Twisted Pair outer text.
Twisted Pair wires generally have a text every 2 feet, which explains information about the cable. For example, the text of a cable from the company "amp systems CABLEE138034 0100 24 AWG (UL
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