required to transmit a bit ). This is also the diameter of a collision domain.
When there are 512 bits, that is, the transmission time of 64 bytes. If the Ethernet data packet is greater than or equal to 64 bytes, it can be ensured that when the collision signal reaches a, the data packet has not been transmitted completely.
Let's take a look at how the 512bit time came from?
First look at a relatively old but popular standard: 10base5, an Ethernet standard, which is used to use a base band loc
What is wired broadband, perhaps some users are not very familiar with. Now, let's take a quick look at the difference between wired broadband and everyone familiar with ADSL.
Wired Broadband (Cablemodem) and ADSL are broadband technologies that provide access to the Internet, and the main difference between the two technologies is that the transmission medium is different from the modulation mode, the Cablemodem is transmitted via cable TV cable, ADSL is transmitted over the telephone line. In
main cable wiring and corresponding facilities to support connections between the equipment and the upper floors, or the same floor.
• The balance circuit is used to generate the same and opposite signals, and it feeds these signals into two wires. The better the balance of the circuit, the smaller the scattering of the signal, and the better the noise suppression (hence the better EMC performance).
• Balanced twisted pair cable consists of a pair or more pairs of metal symmetrical cable unit
the normal network card or ordinary fiber card confused. Of course, some iSCSI HBA cards can be used as a normal network card, but it is very luxurious to consider from the price.
The general definition of HBAs is the I/O adapter that connects the host I/O bus and the computer's memory system. According to this definition, like the video card is connected to the bus and memory, the network card is connected to the bus and memory, SCSI-FC card is connected to SCSI or FC bus and memory, they sho
is normal;
Modem test
Test whether the modem function is normal;
) USB test
Test the USB port function is normal;
) PCMCIA Test
Test the PCMCIA interface function is normal;
) SPDIF Test
Test whether the infrared output function of the audio interface is normal;
s terminal, AV terminal test
Test the TV output of S terminal and AV terminal
3, the introduction of disassembly tools:
As a result of notebook maintenance more is to consider par
So overall, the first is the HDMI interface, followed by the DVI interface, and finally the VGA interface. First of all to determine what the LCD TV video input interface, if only VGA interface, then any one notebook can be competent; if there is a DVI or HDMI interface, then in the purchase of notebooks, we should pay attention to pick! Finally, if you want to use the fiber output audio signal, Then we should be careful to pick a notebook with SPDIF
project, for example, include QT5 Library and test app to check frame buffer Device later. I covered this topics in my previous post, so I wont repeat it here.Build Petalinux project, create BOOT. BIN and copy it together with the Linux image file ' Image.ub ' on SD card:Petalinux-buildPetalinux-package--boot--FSBL. /zedboard-hdmi-fsbl/release/zedboard-hdmi-fsbl.elf--FPGA. /zedboard-hdmi-hw/system_top.bit--uboot--force-o images/linux/boot. BIN
Insert SD card into slots of Zedboard and turn i
SSI Audio Driver音频驱动的文章网上有很多,分析的也很具体,这里只记录本人在调试音频驱动的过程和理解。调试一个驱动,最主要的还是从本质上去理解它的工作原理,包括时钟,数据,中断,寄存器配置等。或许并不需要全部知道,但是追根到底会对以后的驱动有很大帮助。Audio driverlinux音频驱动的结构我个人感觉做得很漂亮,有面向对象编程的人不难看出这个结构与类图很想,将变化的东西封装了起来,层次清晰,方便理解和调试:CPU driver: Bus driver, such as I2S,SSI,AC97,ESAI,SPDIF. Encapsulates the configuration of the bus, such as the settings for master-slave mode.Codec driver: Encoder driver, corresponding to the decoding chip, encapsulating the operation of
registered under asterisk, such as call 1129;
ALSA sound card cannot be found when linphonec is running on the Development Board:
Run env on Ubuntu
Path =/opt/Freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/ARM-FSL-Linux-gnueabi/bin
Put ALSA under the Lib of the Cross Compiler:
/Opt/Freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/ARM-FSL-Linux-gnueabi/Multi-libs/lib/Opt/Freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/ARM-FSL-Linux-gnueabi/Multi-libs/usr/lib
Re-compile L
Asus a3v 1.73 256 M 60g DVD-CDRW 15 inch high screen ATI x700 graphics card 128 M licensed color 90% new site member price 7500 yuan Basic parametersModel a3vc A3517Vc-DRTime-to-market: 2005Intel Pentium M (Dothan) 740 (1.73g) processor)Maximum processor clock speed 1730 MHzLevel 2 Cache 2048kb L2System Bus 533 MHzMotherboard chipset intel 915pmMemory Capacity: 256 MBMemory type DDR2 533Support up to memory 2 SO-DIMM support up to 2 GBStorage DeviceHard drive type ATA-100Hard disk capacity 60 GB
see if the murmur is small.
Volume Control window The meaning of each purpose:
Master Volume: Sound card Total Volume
Waveform: Music Volume
Software synthesizer: Soft Effect Plug-in Volume
Front: Front speaker volume
Rear: Rear speaker volume
Subwoofer: Surround speaker volume
Center: Medium Speaker volume
Side: Side-mounted speaker volume (for 7.1 speakers)
SPDIF: Digital Interface Volume Control
Front Green in: front panel greens Jack i
create their own shortcuts. The FN key feature Daquan---Sony chapter
Fn+esc: Set to wait state
FN+F3: Mute (only valid in Windows)
FN+F4: Eject the volume adjustment status bar (only valid in Windows)
Fn+f5: Eject the Brightness regulation bar
FN+F7: Toggle Monitor
FN+F12: Set the system to hibernation
FN+NUMLK: Press equal to SCROLL LOCK key
Fn+insert: Press equal to pause key
Fn+delete: Press equal to break key
fn+ up ARROW key: Press equal to page UP key
Fn+ down ARROW
= front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---]
”
This indicates that the sound card driver defaults to mute, so you need to use the program to adjust the appropriate volume.
You could have used the "amixer" command to manually specify parameters and make volume adjustments. However, in order not to follow this article until now, the brain may have been confused friends scare away, you can try to use the following method, very convenient.
Enter command:
"Alsamixer"
audio signal, then we should pay attention to select a notebook with SPDIF fiber output. (DVI and HDMI can be turned between each other, but only after the transfer of video signal, can not transmit audio signals.) )
LCD TVs mostly support 1920x1080 resolution, but most laptops can't support this high resolution, so you'll need to make some settings on your laptop after connecting your laptop and LCD TV.
The method is very simple, first in the syst
Ethernet includes three network interfaces: RJ-45, BNC and AUI, the transmission media used are: twisted pair wire, thin coaxial cable and coarse coaxial cable, after reading this article you certainly have a lot of GAINS, I hope this article will teach you more things.
More work needs to be done for manufacturers to use Ethernet in large-scale data centers. According to users attending the Ethernet Technol
I. LAN interface cable standards
10base-t: twisted pair cable, generally using RJ-45 connector; maximum effective transmission distance is 100 m from the hub, even high-quality 5 category twisted pair can only reach 150 m. The matching resistance is 120 Euro.
10base5: coarse coaxial cable with plug-in connector and baseband signal. The maximum supported length is 500 m and the maximum segment is 100. The matching resistance is 75 Euro.
10base2: thin
the extended audio interface. AAFP is the frontend audio interface that complies with ac97 sound effects, ADH is the extended audio interface that complies with Ada sound effects, and spdif_out is the coaxial audio interface. Here, we will introduce how to install the front-end audio connection (see ).
It is an extended plug-in connecting the front audio jack of the chassis to the motherboard. The front audio interface is generally dual-channel, L
information highway needs to be selected. The fiber-optic coaxial hybrid network (HFCs) of Radio and Television uses its backbone network as its high-capacity fiber-optic network, and uses the client as the coaxial cable. It has abundant frequency resources, large user volumes, and wide coverage, should be the first choice. This type of network is particularly suitable for broadcast-type businesses. Powere
to the quality of the Crystal Oscillator when selecting.For example, the clock circuit of a network card uses a high-precision sko25 MHz crystal oscillator, which ensures accurate synchronization of data transmission and greatly reduces the possibility of packet loss.As close as possible to the main chip, the signal cabling length is greatly shortened, and the reliability is further increased. If the inferior crystal oscillator is used, this can reduce the cost of the NIC, but it is easy to cau
resources. Common examples include DOS Workstation and Windows95 workstation.
3. NIC: connects a workstation server to the network for resource sharing and communication, data conversion, and electrical signal matching.Nic (NTC) classification:(1) Speed: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps(2) Bus Type: ISA/PCI(3) transmission media interface:Single Port: BNC (thin cable) or RJ 45 (twisted pair)
4. Transmission Media: Common transmission media include twisted pair wires,
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