dwdm spectrum

will continue to emerge, and the result will be a significant increase in the volume of business. It can be expected that in the next few years, the operator's network will be at least in the following directions. (1) The growth rate of data traffic will not be stopped. In order to adapt to this kind of demand, in the network structure, the IP/DWDM still is the mainstream. Due to the construction of the main cable in the previous few years, there i

The frequency of the image is the index of the intensity of the gray intensity in the image, and it is the gradient of the gray level in the plane space. such as: a large area of the desert in the image is a region of slow gray-scale changes, the corresponding frequency value is very low, and for the Surface attribute transformation of the sharp edge region in the image is a sharp change in the area of gray, the corresponding frequency value is higher. Fourier transform has a very obvious physic

and rooms), defining the treble clef and the bass clef.Figure 2-3 High, medium and bass clefThe treble clef rules, starting with the staff "next line", is the middle tone C (i.e. standard pitch 1), which in turn defines the other syllables . The bass clef rule starts with the "Top plus line" of the staff and defines the other syllables in turn as the central tone C. The Alto clef stipulates that the middle of the letter "C" of the clef is the central tone C, which in turn defines the other syll

exponential signal product, this is also all the book to say the spectral centrality, namely (u0,v0) = (M/2,N/2), thus can obtain:above ( -1) ^ (x+y), is M/2,N/2, brought into the obtained. for the rotation characteristics, we choose to use polar coordinates to represent the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, thus having the following transformation properties:It is concluded that the spectrum and airspace have rotational synchronization, t

, we can use the principle of chaos to filter chaotic signals from useful signals to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, however, traditional filtering methods may sometimes be ineffective. Several methods for detecting chaos Natural systems (physical systems, chemical systems, or biological systems) can present chaos, which has been widely recognized, it also caused many scholars to try chaotic recognition in the laboratory or in natural conditions. However, in the experimental system, noise int

estimate, it uses the algorithm of Gips chief scientist Bastiaan. The following introduces the main idea of the algorithm: Let 1 indicate that there is a speech sound, 0 means no speech sound (mute or very weak sound), and the possible combination of the reference end (distal) signal x(t) and the receiving end (near end) signal y(t) is as follows Several types: (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1), (0,0) means that the far end and the near end are relatively weak sounds, (1,1) means that the far end and

generally stipulate only the transmission range and maximum transmission power of the signal. For a system operating on a global scale, its chosen band must meet all the requirements at the same time so that any user can access it, so the required elements must be minimized. In the case of satisfying the rule, the wireless frequency band can be freely connected, at this time, the anti-interference problem becomes very important. Because the 2.45GHZ ISM band is open band, use any of these freque

factors: User requirements: To consider the type of business and the density of traffic, but also consider its performance price than the majority of users can withstand. Spectrum efficiency: To analyze the characteristics of different air interface technology system, especially its spectrum efficiency can support the growing requirements of users. Radio coverage: To determine the availability of the ap

1. Average cost per week General-purpose Interface Bus: universal interface bus, which has two standards: ieee488 and iec625. The GUI standard consists of interfaces and bus. interfaces are composed of various Logical Circuits installed with each instrument and device for sending, receiving, encoding, and decoding of transmission information; the bus is a passive multi-core cable used to transmit various information. In this test system, the bus on the agilente4447a

the points, the information extraction will not be affected. The data transmission rate of OFDM is also related to the number of subcarriers. Subcarriers In the OFDM system can select modulation modes based on the channel conditions and switch between modulation modes. The principle of selection and switching is the balance between spectrum utilization and bit error rate. In general communication systems, in order to maintain a certain degree of reli