Low-cost high-speed differential amplifier AD8132
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Source: carefree e-development network Author: Qu cuixiang Li Gang
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1 OverviewAD8132 is a low-cost amplifier with single-input or differential-mode input and differential-mode output, which can be used to control the gain. AD8132 has its unique internal feedback, which allows you to adjust the output ga
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The boss gave two audios, and I felt that they were always there, both occupying the lab place and not making a sound. Lie there to make people feel pity. So I took the time to build a set of Power Amplifier boards to make them sound. Haha, after debugging, it was successful and the effect was good.
TI's dedicated audio processing chip is used in the previous stage. For the audio processing capabilitie
Recently contacted the VTune amplifier to do performance optimization.
For the average person, often do not want to read so many words to see those instructions. And most want to see is an example, I read the example of amplifier, finally did not find what I want.
Very simply, what I want is the performance of the custom time. And after watching the example, I have the impression that from the beginning o
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Let's look at the auxiliary theorem:
Here, GM refers to the Cross-Guide between the output and the ground transient; rout indicates the output resistance when the input voltage is zero. This is the original statement in the book, but when calculating the formula, we found that the definitions of these two quantities are not completely complete.
Is:
First, GM is equivalent to cross-export. Remember that it is defined:
That is to say, when calculating the equivalent cross-guide, we can intuitive
1. Samsung mobile phone access operation requires these features, we click "Application."2. Slide the screen right and left, choose "Boise Love".3. Click on "Reading Amplifier".4. Focus your phone camera on the text you want to enlarge.5. Click on the "Pause" icon.
6. At this time the current screen is still, mobile phone when the screen will not change.7. Slide down the right side of the "slider", the text can be enlarged.8. After adjusting the
The first step: empty cans wash clean.
Step two: Unplug the pull ring.
Step three: Cut off the bottom of the pot along the red line in the picture, and cut it with scissors.
Fourth step: Cut the top of the jar along the red line of the figure, don't cut it all off, leave the part of the white mark in the picture.
The fifth step: on the opposite side of the white line from the bottom of the cut open cans, as shown in the red lines.
Now for the servlet listener listener, it's a server-side program that implements the Javax.servlet.ServletContextListener interface, and it's also started with web apps
Starts, initializes only once, and destroys with the Web application stopped.
Now for the servlet listener listener, it's a server-side program that implements the Javax.servlet.ServletContextListener interface, and it's also started with web apps
Starts, initializes only once, and destroys with the Web application stopped.
I-V (current-voltage) converter with V-I (voltage current) converter 1, basic I-V Converter
Relationship between output voltage and input current:
Key points:
L r represents the conversion sensitivity here. High sensitivity requires a large
Introduction of Filter
Filter, also known as filters, is one of the most exciting technologies in servlet technology, Web developers through the filter technology, to the Web server management of all Web resources: such as JSP,
Servlet, static
technology with air separation technology and has been used in wavelength division multiplexing system. Field experiments were conducted on the local network in London, with a 622mb/s rate of transmission. In addition, Siemens, NTT and Ericsson and other large foreign companies in the laboratory of OXC structure, application technology has also carried out similar research and experiments.
2.3 All-Optical relay
The traditional optical fiber transmission system adopts the optical-electric-opti
optical receiving devices. The receiver with a rate of 10gbit/s has been applied, and the 100GBIT/S device has a laboratory sample. Optical amplifiers mainly include fiber amplifiers and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), in which erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been widely used in practical projects, the current research hotspot is bandwidth over 80nm UWB
through the amplifier. Because osnr changes with distance, osnr is usually monitored at different locations of the network, not just at the transmitter and receiver.
Figure 4. osnr evolution during Optical Fiber Propagation
Noise Sources in the Network
EDFA is the main noise source in the network and comes from the process of "amplifying spontaneous radiation" (ASE. A typical
Interferometer (MI) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOAS) based on the cross phase modulation principle, which is recognized as a high speed, The ideal scheme for wavelength conversion in large capacity optical networks.
In large-scale use of WDM networks, especially channel scheduling, one wavelength may need to be converted to another wavelength, or the entire band of the transformation. The optical band converter developed by Lucent is base
-speed single channel transmission, can realize the ultra-large capacity of the transmission system. Excellent solution to the problem of insufficient capacity.2. Ultra Long Distance wavelength division transmission System There is a problem that needs to be solved, that is, in the transmission to a certain distance after the light power will become smaller, then how to solve this problem? We can design the scheme--the EDFA erbium-doped fiber
system Designers have adopted a more manageable zero-bit code, and the hope of commercial optical solitons has been dashed.
Because people now start to consider the transfer rate of 40gb/s, RZ has aroused people's interest again. Higher optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNR) are required at such rates to require higher emission power, and nonlinear distortions such as SPM and Raman stimulated scattering are generated. These distortions can be cleverly combined with dispersion management so that
physical layer, which is not the same as the "frame" of the data link layer that will be discussed at a later time, and cannot be confused.
3, Wavelength Division multiplexing WDM (Wavelength division multiplexing)
Wavelength division multiplexing is the frequency division multiplexing of light. Because of the high frequency of the optical carrier, it is customary to use wavelength rather than frequency to express the use of more than the optical carrier, so that the use of Wave Division mult
.
Optical fiber for amplification
In the quartz fiber core layer doped with rare earth elements can be made into amplified optical fiber, such as erbium doped optical fiber (EDF), doped with thulium amplification fiber (TOF) and so on. Amplified optical fiber and traditional quartz fiber has good integration performance, but also has high output, wide bandwidth, low noise and many other advantages. Optical fiber amplifiers (such as EDFA) made of amp
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