following formats :
_io (magic number, radix);
_ior (magic number, cardinality, variable type)
_iow (magic number, cardinality, variable type)
_IOWR (magic number, cardinality, variable type)
Magic Numbers (magic number)The magic number range is 0~255. Typically, the English characters "a" ~ "Z" or "a" ~ "Z" are represented. The device driver obtains the magic number from the command passed in, and then compares it to the number of demons it handles, and if the same is
Sndrv_dev_jack ((__force snd_device_type_t) 0x1009)
#define Sndrv_dev_lowlevel ((__force snd_device_type_t) 0x2000)
In general, we are more concerned with both the PCM and control devices.Three. Driver-driven code file structureIn the Linux2.6 code tree, the ALSA code file structure is as follows:Sound/core/oss/seq/ioctl32/include/drivers/i2c/synth/emux/pci/(Cards)/isa/(Cards)/arm/ppc/sparc/usb/pcmcia/(cards)/oss/soc/codecs
Core This direc
holds the processor context snapshot before the processor enters the interrupt code
The interrupt processing routine should return a value that indicates whether an interrupt was actually handled, and if the processing routine finds that its device does need to be processed, it should return irq_handled, otherwise the return value should be Irq_none
Enable and disable interrupts
sometimes device drivers must bloc
Using asynchronous notifications in device drivers can make access to the device accessible to the application by the driver when it is accessible. Therefore, applications that use nonblocking I/O do not need to poll the device for access, and blocking access can be superseded by asynchronous notifications like "break". Asynchronous notifications are similar to the concept of "interrupts" on hardware, and the more accurate term is "signal-driven async
1.1 Linux device driver classification
Linux device drivers occupy a large proportion of the Linux kernel source code, and the length of the source code is increasing, mainly the increase of the driver. During the continuous upgrade of Linux kernel, the structure of driver is still relatively stable. In the 2.0.xx to 2.2.xx changes, the driver's writing has made some changes, but from 2.0.xx Drive to 2.2.xx porting only a small amount of work. The de
Desktop Mount CentOS 6.4 x86_64-bit integrated graphics ati4290On The release notes for CentOS :
The proprietary drivers for older AMD (former ATI) video cards, namely the 2xxx, 3xxx and 4xxx serie S (both integrated in motherboards or standalone cards) is not compatible with the new version of the X server introduce D in CentOS-6.4. As of mid-march known workaround allowing the use of the proprietary dr
Http://21cnbao.blog.51cto.com/109393/336263 1.1 Device Driver core layer and examples in the object-oriented programming, you can define a base class for a similar thing, specific things can inherit the functions in this base class. If the implementation of a function of the inherited object is the same as that of the base class, it can directly inherit the functions of the base class. On the contrary, it can be overloaded. This object-oriented design method greatly improves the code reusable ab
From one point of view, the role of a device driver is to provide a mechanism, not a policy. When writing drivers, programmers should pay particular attention to the following basic concept: When writing kernel code to access hardware, do not impose any specific policy on the user. Because different users have different needs, the driver should handle the problem of how to make the hardware available, and how to use the hardware problem left to the up
reached 66MHz or even 133MHz
Equipped with a 32-bit data bus, and the specification already includes 64-bit extensions
Platform independence as much as possible
simplifies the task of adding and removing peripherals to the system
PCI device is a jumper-free device that can be configured automatically during the boot phase
PCI Addressing
each PCI peripheral is identified by a bus number, a device number,
Excerpt from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20799298-id-99675.htmlThe original text is writing device driver in linux:a Brief tutorial.This article focuses on three examples to explain the Linux driver, so that novice quickly, from the code layer to understand what is the Linux device driver.This article is a note, in general translation of the first two parts of the article, namely the first two examples, these two examples can be successfully run correctly.
File: Writing device
is the error may instead be
Reported As-eproto Or-eilseq.
From this we can judge that this error is related to the timeout of the USB device. Reporting this error in the Hub_port_init part of the DRIVERS/USB/CORE/HUB.C, a timeout occurred due to Usb_get_device_descriptor acquiring USB device information. This can basically determine three kinds of cases, 1, USB devices and interface problems, 2, USB core has problems, 3, USB driver have problems.
W
Tags: exception TCO declaration program trace MySQL database connection URL jdkUnderstand:When a Java application connects to a database, the driver communicates with the database vendor through JDBC (jdbc is the JDK ) and the driver communicates with the database.Drivers provided by the database vendor:There are various types of databases, such as MySQL, Oracle, etc., and different databases have different drivers. So before you do anything else, fir
I use the old hair pick installed system, the results are installed, only to find that all the drivers are not installed, such as USB, NIC driver, etc.The solution is to first download the driver into the system installation disk, and then again into the installation system interface, the equivalent of reinstalling the system, but in fact we do not need. Only need to enter the system and then copy the drive to another disk.Restart the computer to unpl
Learning PHP Programming EncountersUncaught exception ' pdoexception ' with a message ' could not find driver ' OrUndefined class constant ' Mysql_attr_init_command 'The whole two questions, the Internet to find a lot of information, a lot of this solutionConfigure the php.ini file to add Extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll so that the Pdomysql extension library is turned onBut I did not solve the problem, the problem is still the same, and later found the problem in StackOverflowSpecific links http://
Linux drivers installed on MC provide three solutions-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Method 1: for Ubuntu, the preferred method is to install the driver that comes with the release version through the network source or CD. you only need to select "System" "System Management"> "restricted driver manager" and tick the check box next to the "nvidia" line. After installation,
WARNING: at drivers/gpio/gpiolib. c: 101 gpio_ensure_requested + 0x5c/0x118 (), gpio0x5c
When you use the key program implemented by the input subsystem, the following error is reported every time the key is interrupted:
--- Input_key_handler ---
------------ [Cut here] ------------
WARNING: at drivers/gpio/gpiolib. c: 101 gpio_ensure_requested + 0x5c/0x118 ()
Autorequest GPIO-145
The source code is a
I. Brief Introduction to concepts
In Linux, you can load the driver in two ways: Static Loading and dynamic loading.
Static Loading is to directly compile the driver into the kernel, which can be called directly after the system is started. The disadvantage of static loading is that it is troublesome to debug. You need to re-compile and download the kernel each time you modify a local file, which is less efficient. If a large number of drivers are use
Control monitor settings within the drivers control panel. Unfortunately
It's bugged and causes lots of problems to some users because every time
Driver Control Panel is accessed it resets the monitor configs to defaults.
For all those who have troubles with NVIDIA direct access resettingMonitor config, here is a simple fix...
After installing the drivers go in windows \ system32 and delete/renameF
Chapter 1 2: An Introduction to device driver building and running modules
1. Concurrent, security -- module writting notes
2. Kernel stack is small, normally one page (4 K). So don't create a lot of local variables and don't have a long call stack.
3. kernel can't handle float pointing computing.
4. Compiling Build:
OBJ-M: = module. o
Module-objs: = file1.o file2.o
Make-C ~ /Kernel-2.6 m = 'pwd' modules
5./proc/modules saves all modules load. lsmod uses this file as well.
Entries in/proc/mod
actually make it into an EXE. Now I can consider getting a ring0 virus, specifically infecting sys, I don't know about the virus, but the ntoskrnl loading location is usually fixed, so you can find the API in the PE image ,,, however, we need to compile-___-. The advantage of merging two drivers is that we can use C and basically do not change these two drivers, it is convenient to compile complex things b
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