Linux kernel supports floating point operations.Currently, most CPUs support the floating point operation unit FPU. FPU is placed out of the core of the processor as a separate coprocessor. However, for embedded processors, floating point operations are rarely used, some embedded processors will remove the floating point coprocessor.X86 processors generally have FPU
processor type
It is best to use virtualization technology that supports Intel VT or amd pt. To check whether the central processor is supported, run the following command:
# Grep vmx/proc/cpuinfoFlags: fpu tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr mca cmov pat limit 36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm merge pni monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
If a vmx sign appears, it indicates t
most CPUs currently support floating-point unit FPU,FPU as a separate coprocessor placed outside the processor core, but for embedded processors, floating-point operations are inherently less used, and some embedded processors remove the floating-point coprocessor.X86 processors generally have the FPU. And the ARM PPC MIPS processor will appear without the
assembly instructions for floating-point numbers. The 32-bit generated code is FLD/FMUL/FSTP, and the 64-bit command is used under movss/mulss/movsd/. Look down, it seems this thing is related to the platform. We continue our investigation, and we find that the FLD/FMUL/FSTP, and so on, are made by the FPU floating-point operator, and, exactly, the FPU x87 instruction, where the
Armel and ARMHF differences
What is ARMHF
In Ubuntu 12.04 and Debian, in addition to arm, Armel, there is a version called ARMHF. What this thing is.
As is known to all, Armel is currently the main arm ABI. ARMHF is a variant of the Armel, the main difference is in floating-point computation.
In Armel, there are three conventions on floating-point calculation. In the case of GCC, the corresponding-mfloat-abi parameter values are three: Soft,softfp,hard. Soft means all floating-point operations a
TCC, short for tiny C compiler (http://bellard.org/tcc/), is a special C compiler, you can use it as a C language interpreter, you can also embed your own application into a dynamic code generator. Yes, that's what we do. In our project, the motion rules of the particle system are described in C language, and then the native code is dynamically generated by TCC to run. In this way, both efficiency and high dynamic capability are maintained.
However, since a third-party library is used, it is ne
For a variety of reasons, such as low power consumption and encapsulation limitations, some of the previous ARM architecture processors are expensive to add to floating-point units because of their internal resources , because of the need for additional software implementations. With the development of technology, the current high-end ARM processor has the ability to perform floating-point operations . This difference between the old and new architectures results in two different embedded applic
,dword ptr [rbp+38h] 00000064 mulss xmm0,dword ptr [rbp+3Ch] 00000069 cvtss2sd xmm0,xmm0 0000006d movsd Mmword ptr [rbp+30h],xmm0 ...
C + + x86/x64 generates similar code (which is why C + + x86/x64 is consistent with c#x64 results) by using floating-point multiplication (MULSS) and then turning double (CVTSS2SD). From the above assembly code can be seen in C # X86 generate code for the instructions FLD/FMUL/FSTP, and so on. where FLD/FMUL/FSTP and so on are made by the
[000000a0h]0000005a Movss DWORD ptr [RBP+38H],XMM0Double v321 = p3x * P2Y;0000005f Movss Xmm0,dword ptr [rbp+38h]00000064 mulss Xmm0,dword ptr [rbp+3ch]00000069 CVTSS2SD XMM0,XMM00000006d movsd Mmword ptr [rbp+30h],xmm0...... C + + x86/x64 generates similar code (which is why C + + x86/x64 is consistent with c#x64 results) by using floating-point multiplication (MULSS) and then turning double (CVTSS2SD). From the above assembly code can be seen in C # X86 generate code for the instructions FLD/
2.1 General Concepts
1. The central processor unit (CPU) contains registers and what other basic elements?
TheClockSynchronizes the internal operations of the CPU with other system components. The clock synchronizes internal CPU operations and other system components.
TheControl Unit(Cu) coordinates the sequencing of steps involved in executing machine instructions. The Control Unit coordinates the steps in the machine instructions.
The
386, it is the CPU level.
I586-is a 586-level computer, including the first generation of pentum mmx cpu, AMD K5, and K6 system CPU (socket7 pin.
I686-pentum 2 after the Intel system CPU and K7 after the CPU level belongs to this 686 level.
You can query your CPU level through the/proc/cpuinfo file.
II. View CPU information
We can view CPU information through the/proc/cpuinfo file.
[Root @ qs-wgdb-1 proc] # more/proc/cpuinfo
Processor: 0
Vendor_id: GenuineIntel
Cpu family: 6
Model: 44
Model
Check the memory information, CAT/proc/meminfo. Similarly, check the CPU information. CAT/proc/cpuinfo sometimes has such questions. For example, if the 4-core CPU is a 2-core CPU * dual-core, or 1 CPU * quad core? There is a simple method: the number of processor, the number of cores, and the number of CPUs, depending on the physical ID + 1 of the last Processor
For example:
processor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 6model : 23model name : Pentium(R) Dual
This unit contains high-performance arithmetic, trigonometric, logarithmic, statistical and financial calculations and FPU program functions to complement the mathematical routines in the Delphi language System.pas unitAttention1) For some functions, the concepts or constants involved in this unit are provided by Earl F. Glynn (www.efg2.com) and Ray Lischner (www.tempest-sw.com).2) The results of all the trigonometric functions of angular parameters a
1. view the production system version# Uname-
Linux applications-test-game 2.6.9-11. elsmp #1 SMP Fri May 20 18:26:27 EDT 2005 i686 i68
6 i386 GNU/Linux
# Cat/proc/version
Linux version 2.6.9-11. elsmp (bhcompile@decompose.build.redhat.com) (GCC version
3.4.3 20050227 (Red Hat 3.4.3-22) #1 SMP Fri May 20 18:26:27 EDT 2005
# Cat/etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux as Release 4 (nahant update 1)
Kernel R on an M
# Cat/etc/RedHat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux as Release 4 (nahant upd
20,000-foot view of the Linux boot processWhen the system is started at the beginning or restarted, the processor will execute code in a well-known location. On a PC, this location is in the Basic Input/Output System, which is what we call BIOS.Is stored in the flash memory on the motherboard. In an embedded system, the central processor (CPU) activates the reset area to start executing known programs in flash or ROM. In other casesThis process is th
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-linuxboot/In the early days, starting a computer meant feeding the computer a tape containing a bootloader, or manually loading the bootloader with the front panel address/data/control switch. Although the current computer is equipped with many tools to simplify the boot process, it does not necessarily simplify the process.Let's look at the Linux boot process from a high-level perspective, so you can see the whole process in its entirety. Then you'll
system (BIOS), which is stored in the flash memory on the motherboard. The central processing Unit (CPU) in the embedded system calls this reset vector to start a program at a known address in the Flash/rom. In both cases, the results are the same. Because the PC provides a lot of flexibility, the BIOS must determine which device to use to boot the system. We'll cover this process in more detail later.When a boot device is found, the first stage of t
The content source of this page is from Internet, which doesn't represent Alibaba Cloud's opinion;
products and services mentioned on that page don't have any relationship with Alibaba Cloud. If the
content of the page makes you feel confusing, please write us an email, we will handle the problem
within 5 days after receiving your email.
If you find any instances of plagiarism from the community, please send an email to:
info-contact@alibabacloud.com
and provide relevant evidence. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days.