Interfaces in the LAN encapsulate the Ethernet type.
In the WAN, the interface is generally a serial port encapsulation of ppp hdlc snip Frame-Realy
ARP is used for Ethernet, And it communicates with MAC addresses.
If both sides of the serial port are PPP or HDLC, the two layers will be connected, and frame relay uses DLCI.
(N.1) s0 \ 0 ports of RI \ R2 are blocked by PPP R1s0 \ 0 ip address 192.168.1.1 2
bundling, as an interface, its logical characteristics and synchronous serial port, support PPP, HDLC and FR Data Link layer protocol, Support IP network protocol.When used as a PRI interface, the timeslot 16 is transmitted as a D-channel, so that only a set of timeslot is selected as a B-channel from a time slot other than the 0 and 16 o'clock slots, and together with the 16 o'clock Gap, it is bundled into a base group (PRI set), used as an ISDN PRI
customization, for familiar with the netty of the implementation of the bottom of the developers, directly based on channelhandler expansion of development, not very difficult. But for most beginners or users who are unwilling to understand the underlying implementation details, they need to provide them with simpler class libraries and APIs rather than Channelhandler.
Netty has done a very good job in this area, for the codec function, it provides a common codec framework for users to expand,
MPEG2 systems.
ES is a data stream directly from the encoder. It can be a collectively referred to as an encoded video data stream, audio data stream, or other encoded data streams. The es stream is converted to the PES package after it passes through the PES package. The PES package consists of a packet header and payload. The specific format is as follows:
We can see that PTS/DTS is in the PES package, and the two parameters are the key to solving synchronous display of video and audio and p
will share with you how to build a modern player and what key components are needed to build such a player. Generally, a typical player can be divided into three parts: UI, multimedia engine, and decoder, as shown in 1:
Figure 1. Modern player Architecture
User Interface (UI ):This is the top layer of the player. It defines the watching experience of end users through three different functional features: Skin (player design) and UI (all customizable
receiver is decoded. It can also avoid the overflow and underflow of the decoder's input buffer.When designing a video sending system, it is particularly important to precisely control the bit rate of the MPEG-Ⅱ transmission stream. When MPEG-Ⅱ groups are directly transmitted, the system time control is relatively simple. The key issue is how to accurately calculate the input time of the video source. If this problem is solved, the decoder-side decod
streams. The es stream is converted to the PES package after it passes through the PES package. The PES package consists of a packet header and payload. The specific format is as follows:
We can see that PTS/DTS is in the PES package, and the two parameters are the key to solving synchronous display of video and audio and preventing the input cache overflow or underflow of decoder. PTS indicates the time when the unit appears in the system target
the corresponding decoder is the message format for exchanging network bytes back into the application. Therefore, the encoder operates the outbound data, and the decoder processes the inbound data.2. Decoder--Decodes bytes into messages--bytetomessagedecoder and Replayingdecoder--Decoding one message type to another--messagetomessagedecoderBecause the
the two parameters are the key to solving synchronous display of video and audio and preventing the input cache overflow or underflow of decoder. PTS indicates the time when the unit appears in the system target Decoder (STD: system target decoder). DTS indicates the time when all the bytes of the access unit are removed from the es
application needs to use the Finishconnect () method later to complete the join operation.
Pipe
Contains a read and a written channel (Pipe.sourcechannel and Pipe.sinkchannel), which channel can be used for communication in the process.
FileChannel
Used to read, write, map, lock and so on files. The class associated with the mapping operation has Filechannel.mapmode, and the class associated with the lock operation has filelock. It is noteworthy that FileChannel does not support non-blocking
also the main strength of 802.11. Over the years, we can see the advantages of this type of IP network in the competition between Ethernet and ATM networks. When reliable and adaptive (good enough) channel access is strictly ordered (perfect), satisfactory approaches are generally more popular due to diversity.
Another reason to avoid using synchronization when designing VoWLAN systems is that these systems are not operating in a closed environment. The main selling point of using WLAN to trans
the PES package after it passes through the PES package. The PES package consists of a packet header and payload. The specific format is as follows:We can see that PTS/DTS is in the PES package, and the two parameters are the key to solving synchronous display of video and audio and preventing the input cache overflow or underflow of decoder. PTS indicates the time when the unit appears in the system target decod
Profile)
A configuration is a set of description data of an ASF configuration. One setting must contain at least one stream configuration setting.
Stream informationThe stream information in the settings includes the bit rate, buffer window, and media attribute settings of the stream. The stream information of video and audio accurately describes the media configurations in the file, including the encoding and decoder used for compressing data (if any
Now we prepare information for second H. 264 codecs comparison test, that will be compared with more advanced metrics. so we collect information about current available codecs and there stage. if you have any information about this codecs or another codecs please replay this message!List of MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 video codecs(Last updated 1 December 2005-62 items now !)
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Software codecs:
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Ateme H.264/MP
Gotonextframeasync creates a new frame without writing the data.4. Close the associated stream.such as the following example: await Bitmapencoder.createasync (Bitmapencoder.gifencoderid, outstream); ... Encoder. Setpixeldata (decoder. Bitmappixelformat, decoder. Bitmapalphamode, decoder. Pixelwidth, de
Mina, Netty, and Twisted: Integrating protobuf and nettyprotobuf
Protobuf is short for Google's Protocol Buffers. It is used for the conversion (serialization and deserialization) between structured data and bytecode. It is generally used for network transmission and supports multiple programming languages.
This article mainly describes how to use protobuf in MINA, Netty, and Twisted. If you are not familiar with protobuf, you can refer to another blog.
In the previous blog, we introduced a mess
Time series prediction can be based on short-term forecasts, long-term forecasts and specific scenarios, such as Arma, ARIMA, neural network prediction, SVM prediction, grey prediction, fuzzy prediction, combined forecasting method and so on. The so-called no best model, only the most suitable model. As to which model can achieve the highest precision for a particular predictive problem, it needs to be proved by experiments. In this paper, a single Variable time series prediction experiment is c
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