One, the distinction between communication and communication protocol:1, the traditional meaning of "communication" mainly refers to telephone, telegraph, telex. The "message" of the communication means the messages, and the media messages are passed from one end to the other through the communication network. The content of media message is mainly voice, text, picture and video image. The composition of its network is mainly composed of electronic eq
OSI (open System Interconnection), open Systems Interconnect Reference Model. From bottom to top seven-tier model features and their representative protocols:
Physical Layer (physical) : Specifies the mechanical, electrical, functional, and process characteristics that activate, maintain, and close communication endpoints. This layer provides a physical medium for the upper level protocol to transmit data. bit, bit. Typical
turn from: Http://www.cellopoint.com/cn/media_resources/blogs/2011/05/Protocol_Buffers
Introduction IntroductionThe Protocol buffers is a flexible, efficient, automated mechanism (possibly coding) tool for serializing structural data.Like XML, but smaller, faster, and simpler. You define your structured data, and then you can use the special code generated by the tool to easily use various languages (c + + python java)Read and write your structured da
Problem Description 1:c:\users\administrator>lsnrctl StartLsnrctl for 64-bit windows:version 11.2.0.1.0-production on December-December-20144:50Copyright (c) 1991, Oracle. All rights reserved.Start Tnslsnr: Please wait ...Failed to start service, error 193.TNS-12560:TNS: Protocol Adapter errorTNS-00530: Protocol Adapter Error problem description 2:oracleoradb11g_home1tnslistener Listener service failed to s
OSI (open System Interconnection), open Systems Interconnect Reference Model. From bottom to top seven-tier model features and their representative protocols:
Physical Layer (physical) : Specifies the mechanical, electrical, functional, and process characteristics that activate, maintain, and close communication endpoints. This layer provides a physical medium for the upper level protocol to transmit data. bit, bit. Typical
devices constantly detect the network bus, including the time between pauses. When the first domain (address field) is received, each device is decoded to determine if it is destined for itself. After the last transmission character, a pause of at least 3.5 character time is calibrated to the end of the message. A new message can begin after this pause. The entire message frame must be lost as a continuous flow. If there is a pause time of more than 1.5 characters before the frame completes, th
link (such as PPP and HDLC); abstract model Model3 indicates that router R1 is connected to multiple points through a point-to-point (such as FrameRelay and X.25) links are connected to multiple routers such as R3 and R4. At this time, routers R5 and R6 are not interconnected. The abstract model Model4 indicates that routers R1 Use point-to-point (such as FrameRelay and X.25) links are connected to multiple routers R5 and R6. At this time, routers R5
Transferred from: https://program-think.blogspot.com/2014/11/https-ssl-tls-1.htmlLiteracy HTTPS and SSL/TLS protocol [1]: Background knowledge, protocol requirements, design difficultiesArticle Directory★ Relevant Background knowledgeWhat are the requirements of the ★HTTPS protocol?★ The main difficulty of designing HTTPS pro
Baidu Encyclopedia Description:Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Http,hypertext Transfer Protocol) is one of the most widely used network protocols on the Internet. All WWW documents must comply with this standard. HTTP was originally designed to provide a way to publish and receive HTML pages. 1960 American Ted Nelson conceived a way to process text messages through a computer called hypertext (hypertext), whic
Internet Protocol Summary, Internet Protocol
Today, I saw an article on network protocol on my way to work. I think it's a good job to write. Well, of course I want to keep some good stuff. I 'd like to share it with you here!
This article is reproduced in the network log of Ruan Yifeng
Author: Ruan Yifeng
Original article: http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2012/05/
Network Topology
As mentioned above, OSPF is a link status protocol. How does OSPF describe the link connection status?
Abstract Model 1 indicates that an Ethernet interface of a router is connected to only one Ethernet segment instead of other routers. In this case, router R1 running OSPF can only identify itself and cannot identify the devices (hosts, etc.) on this network segment ); abstract Model 2 indicates that router R1 is connected to a route
Analysis of TCP/IP layer-4 protocol system and tcpip layer-4 Protocol
TCP/IP layer-4 protocol system
1) The link layer, also known as the data link layer or network interface layer, usually includes the device driver in the operating system and the network interface card corresponding to the computer. They work together with the physical interface details of the
SMTP is used to deliver e-mail messages on the Internet. Document RFC821 provides all the details of the agreement. But you just have to remember the following-the basic commands and methods of the agreement.
The principle of the protocol is simple. Nothing more than a client computer sending a command to the server, and then the server returns some information to the client computer. The commands sent by the guest room and the server response are s
Introduction
There are many types of caching: Server caching, Third-party caching, browser caching, proxy caching, gateway caching, database caching, and so on. The browser cache is the least expensive because the browser cache relies on the client and consumes almost no server-side resources. Today's summary is also associated with browser caching.
Browser caching must be very familiar, simply that the browser on the disk to the most recent user requested data storage, when we request this page
AJP13 is the directional package protocol. For performance reasons, the binary format is used to transmit readability text. The Web server is connected through a TCP connection and a servlet container. To reduce the cost of process generation sockets, the Web server and the servlet container try to maintain a persistent TCP connection and reuse a connection for multiple request/reply loops. Once a connection is assigned to a specific request, it is no
UDP belongs to the transport layer together with the TCP mentioned earlier.
UDP differs from TCP in that it is a non-connection-oriented protocol, that is, when both parties communicate with each other, they do not need to establish a connection beforehand. So the UDP header saves a lot of fields, and the UDP header is only 8 bytes. The UDP header consists of the following:
The UDP header contains only the source port and destination port, plus th
TCP/IP protocol ----- excellent notes, tcpip protocol -----1. Introduction
The TCP/IP Protocol is not a single TCP Protocol or an IP Protocol. It is a group of protocols, including TCP and IP Protocol, UDP
the connection statuses in the network constitute the link status database, and each IS has at least one LSDB. IS uses SPF algorithm and LSDB to generate its own route.LSPDU (Link State Protocol Data Unit ). In IS-IS, each IS generates an LSP, which contains all the link status information of this IS. Each IS collects all LSPs in the region to generate their own LSDB.Network Protocol Data Unit (NPDU ). It
Android communication protocol and Android communication protocol
I. TCP/IP protocol (Transport Layer Protocol)
1. Socket and ServerSocket
Socket is the intermediate abstraction layer for communications between the application layer and the TCP/IP protocol cluster. Socket is
First, Introduction
The Protocol deals with properties and methods that act like abstract classes in Java, and types in swift implement some of the agreed properties and methods by adhering to the protocol. The protocol in Swift is declared using the Protocol keyword. The protocol
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