Grubmenu. the GRUB boot menu has been removed due to reinstallation of the list configuration. I don't know how to find it. today I saw the post and tried it. it succeeded, the main step is to restore Grub with the LAN part t below. In fact, it is very simple: use LiveCD (for Ubuntu, it is always topcd... grub menu. the GRUB boot menu has been removed due to reinstallation of the list configuration. I don't know how to find it. today I saw the post and tried it. it succeeded, the main step is to
if = input file (or device name).IBS = Bytes Reads bytes bytes At a time, that is, the number of bytes read into the buffer.Obs = bytes Writes bytes bytes At a time, that is, the number of bytes written to the buffer.CBS = bytes Converts bytes bytes at a time.CONV = ASCII converts the EBCDIC code to an ASCII code.CONV = IBM converts ASCII code to alternate EBCDIC code.CONV = Ublock Converts the fixation into a change bitCONV = LCase The letter from uppercase to lowercase.CONV = swab swaps each p
letters from uppercase to lowercase. CONV = Notrunc does not truncate the output file. CONV = swab swaps each pair of input bytes. CONV = NoError does not stop processing when an error occurs. Conv = Sync puts the size of each input record to the size of the IBS (filled with NUL ). count=number of blocks > Read Only the specified number of chunks. ibs=bytes > number of bytes read each time. if=file > read from file. obs= number of bytes > bytes per output. of=file > output to file. seek=blocks
characters.Swab swap each byte of the input.NoError does not stop when an error occurs.NotruNC does not truncate the output file.Sync fills each input block into IBS bytes, and the less part is padded with empty (NUL) characters.2. Example Analysis2.1. Data backup and Recovery2.1.1 Full disk data backup and recoveryBackup:DD IF=/DEV/HDX Of=/dev/hdyBack up the local/DEV/HDX full disk to the/dev/hdyDD IF=/DE
Grub menu. the GRUB boot menu has been removed due to reinstallation of the list configuration. I don't know how to find it. Today I saw the post and tried it. It succeeded, the main step is to restore Grub with the LAN part t below, which is also very simple: Start with Live CD (Desktop CD or DVD for Ubuntu, open the Terminal (Applications> Accessory> Terminal) and run the following code: sudo grub find/boot/grub/stage1root (hdX, Y) setup (
to a record with a length of CBS. The missing part is filled with spaces.Unblock: the length of each row is CBS, and spaces are used to fill the remaining parts.Lcase converts uppercase to lowercase.Ucase converts lowercase to uppercase.Swab exchanges each pair of input bytes.Do not stop when noerror occurs.Notrunc does not truncate the output file.Sync fills each input block into IBS bytes, and the missing part is filled with null (NUL) characters.Ii. instance analysis1. Data backup and recove
In the technology category of desktop virtualization, there are several types of protocols available on the market:Citrix's ICA/HDX protocolTeradici Company's PCoIP (one of the main protocols used in VMware horzion)The RDP of Microsoft CorporationRedhat Company's SpiceAnd what we've been able to reach in the last two years.VMware's blast (the protocol that VMware has begun to offer since the Horizion 6 release, with a gradual replacement of the PCOIP
size equals the number of bytes specified by IBS.Conv=conversion[,conversion ...]Converts the file with the specified parameters.Conversion parameters:The ASCII conversion EBCDIC is ASCII.EBCDIC converts ASCII to EBCDIC.IBM converts ASCII to alternate EBCDIC.Block converts each row to a cbs-length record, and the insufficient portion is padded with spaces.Unblock the length of each line is CBS, and the insufficient portion is padded with spaces.LCase converts uppercase characters to lowercase c
not truncate the output file.Sync fills each input block to IBS bytes, and the insufficient part is padded with empty (NUL) characters.
2. Example Analysis
2.1. Data backup and Recovery
Backup and recovery of 2.1.1 Whole disk dataBackup:
DD IF=/DEV/HDX Of=/dev/hdyBack up the local/DEV/HDX whole disk to/dev/hdy
DD IF=/DEV/HDX Of=/path/to/image/DEV/
25 problem that has plagued me for many years has been completely solved.
Deleting Linux and restoring grub are two common problems for new users. If I feel that Linux is not good and want to quit, I need to delete Linux and overwrite grub. If I have installed Windows and Linux, grub will be overwritten when Windows is reinstalled, and grub needs to be restored. This is a back path. We need to consider it before doing things.
Delete Linux, overwrite grub, and restore it to the boot guide of X
specifies the domain
-- Help: displays help.
-- Version: displays the version information.
Keys [root @ Jesse ~] # Cat c.txt
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 L
5 May
6 June
[Root @ Jesse ~] # Sort-c c.txt
Sort: c.txt: 4: disorder: 10 October // it indicates that the data is not arranged in a certain order. if nothing is displayed, it indicates that the data is classified in a certain
: using the DD command# dd If=/boot/vmlinuz of=/dev/fd03 . GRUB( 1 ) GRUB IntroductionGRUB is a powerful boot loader based on the Intel platform( 2 ) GRUB featuresl support for large hard drives, breaking through the limits of the above-surface cylindersl supports two interface types ( menu, command line )l Boot Screen (3) Installing GRUBl Install packages#rpm –IVH grub-0.934.i386.rpml installing using the Install command GRUB to MBR#grubGrub>root (
situation, know that the zoning situation is good to do , with any file editor to open/boot/grub/grub.conf, in general, the win system will automatically load into grub, the following is the author's grub.conf file, we analyze
Default=0
timeout=10
Splashimage= (hd1,2)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
Title windows2k
Rootnoverify (hd0,0)
Chainloader +1
Title RedHat9
Root (hd1,2)
Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=label=/
Initrd/boot/initrd-2.4.20-8.img
Title Mandrake9.1
Kernel (hd1,4)/boot/
the fdisk-LD terminal to view your partition information and check the partition information, use any file editor to open/boot/GRUB/grub. conf. In general, the win system will automatically load it into grub. below is the grub of the author. CONF file. Let's analyze it.Default = 0Timeout = 10Splashimage = (hd1, 2)/boot/GRUB/splash.xpm.gzTitle windows2kRootnoverify (hd0, 0)Chainloader + 1Title redhat9Root (hd1, 2)Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 Ro root = label =/Initrd/boot/initrd-2.4.20-8.imgTitle
nodes, A, B, and C, then our n is 3.
We want to write only one copy W = 1, then according to W + r> n there are r = 3. There are the following scenarios:
First, a received a request that the iPhone price is 4000. We now have 4000 [A: 1];
Before data is copied to B and C, someone told a that the price was increased to 4500. then there is 4500 [A: 2] On A, which overwrites the previous [A: 1]
Then
adding an item, consider w from the 1->max case
For example:
。。。 Thank you for example Source: http://blog.csdn.net/hanruikai/article/details/7471258
0
Plum
4KG
nt$4500
1
Apple
5KG
nt$5700
2
Orange
2KG
nt$2250
3
Strawberry
1KG
nt$1100
4
Melon
6KG
nt$6700
Put the plum
Backpack load
1
2
3
4
Understanding layer-3 Interfaces
Layer-3 interfaces are classified into two categories: Physical Layer-3 interfaces and logical layer-3 interfaces. logical layer-3 interfaces include layer-3 VLAN interfaces and routing sub-interfaces. layer-3 VLAN interfaces integrate the routing and bridging functions; the physical layer-3 interface has only the routing function, which is equivalent to a traditional router.
1. layer-3 logical VLAN Interface
The logical layer-3 VLAN interface provides a routing
(with Ext2Fsd or explore2fs)
After running, copy all the Boot folders in the ubuntu root directory to drive C.
After restarting, select GRUB in the boot menu to go to ubuntu.
Key Point: GRUB for Dos is required for ubuntu linux. Therefore, this line is displayed in C: \ BOOT. INI:
C: \ GRLDR = "GRUB" ext3
The boot folder under the partition contains a bootable file, which needs to be placed in the c root directory.
Bytes --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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