how many kilobytes in gigabyte

example, the following parameter shows that the dirty page (dirty pages) starts writing to the hard disk when it reaches all memory page 10%. #/sbin/sysctl-n Vm.dirty_background_ratio10VmstatContinue to vmstat the introduction of some parameters, the previous Linux performance monitoring: The CPU introduced the vmstat part of the parameters, the other part of the introduction. The following data comes from a 256MB ram,512mb SWAP Xen VPS in Vpsee:# vmstat 1procs-----------memory------------

Tags: active results numerical techniques cached Zombie process description trace LinuxOne, freeDisplays the unused and used memory states of the current system, including physical memory, virtual swap file memory, shared memory segments, and buffers used by the system core, etc.1. Parameter description-B: Displays memory usage in bytes;-K: Displays memory usage in kilobytes;-M: Displays memory usage in megabytes;-G displays memory usage in gigabytes;

space 0.0% ni User process priority scheduling CPU percentage 98.7% ID Percentage of idle CPU 0.0% WA Percentage of CPU time waiting for input and output 0.0% hi Hardware CPU Interrupt Occupancy percentage 0.0% si Soft interrupt Occupancy Percentage 0.0% St Virtual machine Occupancy Percentage MemMemory statistics, including physical memory, used memory, f

the value is longer than the number of server CPUs, then the CPU resources are insufficient.B, is the block's abbreviation, indicating the number of processes waiting for the resource. b means that the process is blocked by resources other than the CPU (hard disk or network), in a waiting state, the card is dead, B is blocked. For example, the speed is slow, the process wants to send you a packet, if the network speed quickly, only 1 seconds to send the finished. But now slow, it may take 10 se

./dev/sdb1 /dataext3 defaults 0 Modify to the following configuration:/dev/sdb1 /dataext3 defaults，noatime，nodiratime 0 Then reboot the system to make it effective.Or do not restart the system, you can use the Remount option to re-mount:-->mount -o defaults，noatime，nodiratime -o remount /dev/sdb1 /sdb-->mount | grep sdb1/dev/sdb1 on /sdb type ext3 (rw,noatime,nodiratime)If it is a separately mounted partition or disk, you can execute the command directly:-->mount -o defaul

refreshes and outputs once every 3 seconds, 3 times after the program exitsPidstat-p 1 2 3-l07:18:58 AM PID%usr%system%guest%cpu CPU Command07:18:59 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0/sbin/init07:19:00 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0/sbin/init07:19:01 AM 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0/sbin/initAverage:1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-/sbin/init%USR: The CPU usage of the process in the user state.%system: CPU utilization of the process at the kernel state (System level).%CPU: The total CPU utilization of the process, if in SM

the DIRECTORY parameter.-Y [kilobytes] starts the sort command with the number of kilobytes of the primary storage specified by the kilobytes parameter, and increases the storage capacity as needed.(If the value specified by the kilobytes parameter is smaller than the minimum storage site or greater than the maximum s

completed. CHKDSK is verifying indexes... Index verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors... Security descriptor verification completed. 12372 kilobytes total disk space. 3 kilobytes in 1 user files. 2 kilobytes in 1 indexes. 4217 kilobytes in use by the system. 8150

of reports generated at interval seconds apart. if the interval parameter is specified without the Count parameter, the pidstat command generates reports continuously.You can select information about specific task activities using flags. not specifying any flags selects only CPU activity.Options -C comm Display only tasks whose command name provided des the string comm. -D Report I/O statistics (kernels 2.6.20 and later only). The following values are displayed: PID The identification number of

memory is swapped out again, it is no longer necessary to write to the swap area.Process Information Area Pid Process ID PPID Parent Process ID USER User name of the process owner PR Priority level NI Nice value, i.e., priority correction, negative for high priority, positive for low-priority VIRT The total amount of virtual memory used by the process, in

so on. If you want to learn more about Linux systems, it is recommended to purchase related books for systematic learning. Below we describe how to analyze disk performance tools (in fact, not just disks):IostatSummarizes statistics on individual disks, providing metrics for disk load, usage, and saturation. A single line of system summary information is displayed by default, including the kernel version, hostname, log, schema, and number of CPUs, each of which contains one line of disk devices

consumption percentage L time Process CPU total, per second M time+ Total CPU time used by the process, units 1/100 seconds N%MEM the percentage of physical memory used by the process o The total amount of virtual memory used by the VIRT process, in kilobytes. The Virt=swap+res P swap process uses the amount of virtual memory that is swapped out, in kilobytes. The size, in

megabytes of RAM and 512 MB of swap space. The third line of output (Mem:) shows physical memory. The total column does not show the physical memory used by the core (typically around 1MB). The Used column shows the total amount of memory being used (the second row does not count as buffering). The free column shows all unused memory. Shared columns show the total amount of memory shared by multiple processes. The Buffers column displays the current size of the disk cache. Line five (swap:) on

introduction. The following data comes from a 256MB ram,512mb SWAP Xen VPS in Vpsee:# vmstat 1procs-----------memory-------------Swap-------io------System-------CPU------R B SWPD Free buff cache si so bi bo in CS us sy ID WA St 0 3 252696 2432 268 7148 3604 2368 3608 2372 288 288 0 0 21 78 1 0 2 253484 2216 228 7104 5368 2976 5372 3036 930 519 0 0 0 100 0 0 1 259252 2 616 128 6148 19784 18712 19784 18712 3821 1853 0 1 3 95 1 1 2 260008 2188 144 6824 11824 2584 12664 2584 1347 1174 0 0 (0 2 1

. Memory and garbage collection data are printed every second. Let's come together to understand the meaning of each column: s0c and s1c: This column shows the current size (in kilobytes) of the SURVIVOR0 and Survivor1 regions. s0u and s1u: This column shows the current usage of the Survivor0 and Survivor1 zones (in kilobytes). Note: At any time, there will always be a survivor area that is em

bandwidthSettings information for the server%maxusers-Displays the maximum number of users that the server can log on at the same time%maxanonymous-Displays the maximum number of anonymous users that the server can log on at the same timeUser Information%name-Displays the login username%ip-Displays the user IP address of the login%dir-Displays the current directory for the logged in user%disk-Displays the current disk for the logged in user%dfree-Displays the current disk space for the logged i

Tty The terminal name of the startup process, and the process that is not started from the terminal is displayed as? PR Priority level NI Nice value, negative indicates high priority, positive values indicate low priority P Last CPU used, only meaningful in multi-CPU environment %cpu CPU time consumption percentage last updated to current Time Total CPU time used by the process, in

used by the process, in seconds time+ Total CPU time used by the process, Unit 1/100 sec %MEM Percentage of physical memory used by the process VIRT The total amount of virtual memory used by the process, in kilobytes. Virt=swap+res SWAP The size, in kilobytes, of the virtual memory that the process is using, swapped out.

need to consider optimizing the user's program.The SY column shows the percentage of CPU time that the kernel process spends. Here US + SY reference value is 80%, if us+sy greater than 80% indicates that there may be insufficient CPU.The WA column shows the percentage of CPU time consumed by IO waits. Here WA has a reference value of 30%, if WA is more than 30%, it indicates that the IO wait is serious, this may be caused by a lot of random access to disk, or the bandwidth bottleneck of disk or

meaningful only in a multi-CPU environment K%cpu CPU time consumption percentage last updated to current The total CPU time, in seconds, used by the timing process The total CPU time used by the M time+ process, in units 1/100 seconds n the percentage of physical memory used by the%MEM process o The total amount of virtual memory used by the VIRT process, in kilobytes. Virt=swap+res The P swap process uses the size of the virtual memory, which is swa