What is stream? Stream, in short, is an abstract Processing Data Built on the object-oriented basis.. The stream defines some basic operations for data processing, such as reading data and writing data,Programmers perform all the operations on the
/*************************************** **************************************** ************** Author: conowen @ Dazhong* E-mail: conowen@hotmail.com* Http://blog.csdn.net/conowen* Note: This article is original and only used for learning and
# Include "memory. H"
Memset is used to set all memory spaces to a specific character. It is generally used to initialize the defined string to ''or '/0'. For example, char a [100]. memset (A, '/0', sizeof ());
Memcpy is used for memory copying. You
I. Differences between strcpy, memcpy and memset.
Strcpy
Prototype: extern char * strcpy (char * DEST, char * SRC );Usage: # include Function: Copies the string ending with null indicated by Src to the array indicated by DeST.Note: The memory areas
1. Preface
Checksum calculation is the basic function of NAT and content modification. After performing these operations, you must modify the checksum in the Data header.
2. 16-bit checksum Calculation
2.1 Basic Principles
The IP, ICMP, IGMP, TCP,
1. open the file
# Include Define the int open (const char * pathname, int flags) function );Int open (const char * pathname, int flags, mode_t mode );Function Description: The pathname parameter points to the file path string to be opened. The
This is a great method of loop expansion, designed by Tom Duff in Lucasfilm. Its ''traditional "form is used to copy multiple Bytes:
register n = (count + 7) / 8; /* count > 0 assumed */ switch (count % 8) { case 0: do { *to =
We've introduced a simple read,write operation before, so there's a problem: What if the driver doesn't respond to the request immediately? For example, a process call read read data, when there is no data to read what to do, whether to return
1. What is the symbolic representation of the absolute path? What is the current directory and top level directory used for? What does the home directory say? What are the commands for switching directories? absolute Path:/; current directory:./;
The function of the WC (Word Count) command in a Linux system is to count the number of bytes, words, and lines in the specified file, and to display the output of the statistic results.1. Command parameters:-C Count bytes. -L counts the number of
grep is used for keyword search text -I ignores case when searching -n Displays the number of rows in the result -V output row with no keyword -ax the specified number of rows after the row of the result is included in the output - BX when the
The function of the WC (Word Count) command in a Linux system is to count the number of bytes, words, and lines in the specified file, and to display the output of the statistic results.1. Command format:WC [Options] File ...2. Command
Wildcard characters for file names:[0-9]\[a-z]\[[:d Igit:]]\[[:alpha:]]\[[:alnum]]\[[:upper:]]\[[:lower:]]\[[:black:]]Rename renaming# Rename. txt. xsl/appTreeView Structure-d-lTr# ifconfig eth0 |tr A-Z A->ip.txt you can save by converting and
The function of the WC command is to count the number of bytes, words, and lines in the specified file, and to display the output of the statistic results.Syntax: WC [options] File ...Description: This command counts the number of bytes, words, and
3. Bash 's basic features3.1 Historical Command and command completion (1) History command :#history [Options] [history command Save file]① option:-C: Clears the history command;-W: Writes the history command in the cache to the file ~/.bash_history(
Syntax: WC [options] File ...Description: This command counts the number of bytes, words, and lines in a given file. If the file name is not given, it is read from the standard input. The WC also gives the president count of all specified files. The
One, the command to view the fileFor a text file, there are several ways to view the contents of a file in Linux, such as displaying the entire text content directly, paging through the content, or viewing only parts of the file at the beginning or
Syntax: WC [options] File ...Description: This command counts the number of bytes, words, and lines in a given file. If the file name is not given, it is read from the standard input. The WC also gives the president count of all specified files. The
Syntax: WC [options] File ...Description: This command counts the number of bytes, words, and lines in a given file. If the file name is not given, it is read from the standard input. The WC also gives the president count of all specified files. The
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