network-managed switches support IP multicast. Generally, they support IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol), which intelligently forwards IGMP and multicast packets, instead of broadcasting these packets to all ports. IGMP Snooping) enables the switch to read IGMP data
sub-divisions are located in one VLAN on the aggregation or core device, the broadcast traffic will be returned to other cells through the upper-layer device, which will continue to occupy the link bandwidth of these cells and affect the host performance, this configuration method is widely used in the current broadband network.Multicast exception message: the multicast information serves only some users in the network. The destination address is the host applied to join the multicast group in
located in one VLAN on the aggregation or core device, the broadcast traffic will be returned to other cells through the upper-layer device, which will continue to occupy the link bandwidth of these cells and affect the host performance, this configuration method is widely used in the current broadband network.
Multicast exception message: the multicast information serves only some users in the network. The destination address is the host applied to join the multicast group in the network. Some
, a configuration method that is widely available in current broadband networks.
Multicast class Exception message: Multicast class information is intended to serve only some users within the network, and its destination address is the host of the network application to join the multicast group. Some hosts did not request to join the multicast group, which should not be forwarded to these hosts, but in fact the hosts received multicast information. What causes the group broadcast to be forwarde
within a convergence or core device, broadcast traffic is returned to other communities via the upper device, which continues to occupy the link bandwidth of these communities and affects host performance, a configuration method that is widely available in current broadband networks.
Multicast class Exception message: Multicast class information is intended to serve only some users within the network, and its destination address is the host of the network application to join the multicast grou
Manual implementation usually refers to the use of some hacker tools to scan and sniff the network, obtain the management account and related passwords, and install trojans on the network to further steal confidential files. The attack and deception process is relatively concealed and quiet, but it is extremely harmful to enterprises with high information security requirements. However, attacks from Trojans, viruses, and worms often deviate from the attack and cheat itself. Sometimes, they are v
the current broadband network.
Multicast exception message: the multicast information serves only some users in the network. The destination address is the host applied to join the multicast group in the network. Some hosts do not apply to join multicast groups. These multicast texts should not be forwarded to these hosts, but in fact these hosts still receive multicast information. Why is it that the multicast packets are forwarded to hosts that have not been added? Originally, in order to im
located in one VLAN on the aggregation or core device, the broadcast traffic will be returned to other cells through the upper-layer device, which will continue to occupy the link bandwidth of these cells and affect the host performance, this configuration method is widely used in the current broadband network.
Multicast exception message: the multicast information serves only some users in the network. The destination address is the host applied to join the multicast group in the network. Some
Snpg:igmp/mld-snooping protocol stack to listen for and process IGMP and MLD protocol messages
SOCK:IP protocol stack message scheduling and processing
Srmi: External Interrupt Processing Task
SRMT: Device Management Timer task
SRVC: Responsible for the IP session function related to the DHCP message interaction, through and authentication authorization and user Management module for in
manufacturer/user model, the main problem of multicast communication is the exponential growth of communication information as the number of team members increases. At this point, you need to use a managed switch.
The managed switch is able to open the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping feature. It works like this, and when the IGMP
IGMP communicates group membership information between hosts and routers on the local network, and routers periodically multicast IGMP queries to all host groups. Host multicast IGMP reporting messagesIn response to the query.From an architectural standpoint, IGMP is the Transport layer protocol located above IP. It ha
vswitches to support virtual MAC addresses appear in the configuration of NLB server port, which requires a lot of the latest version of the switch software support, which is not supported here huasan s5500-28-EI switch, there are no conditions for software upgrades. It seems that there are only other methods.
Return to the NLB multicast mode, enable the multicast IGMP support during configuration, and configure
There are a lot of ways to help prevent ARP viruses on the Internet. In fact, ARP spoofing is a simple principle and uses a "defect" of ARP ", free ARP to reach the arp table entry of the gateway on the spoofing host.
Free ARP was designed for two purposes:
1. IP address conflict detection2. automatically update ARP entries to update the gateway.
Arp spoofing uses the second one. The attacked host sends an arp update. The IP address is the gateway, but the mac address is not the gateway. When ot
RGMP is designed to be used in combination with the multicast routing selection protocol that supports the distribution tree Join/Prune. The typical protocol is PIM-SM.
The RGMP protocol only specifies the IPv4 multicast route selection operation, excluding IPv6. The Cisco router port Group Management Protocol makes up for the shortcomings of the Internet group management protocol in the snoopIng technical mechanism.
1. The RGMP protocol acts on the
Application examples
My school is a student apartment, PC owns about 1000 units. Using DHCP assigned IP address, with 4 C class addresses, the actual number of addresses available is about 1000. Because of the frequent presence of private DHCP servers in the building, a large number of hosts cannot be assigned to legitimate IP addresses, and because a significant number of hosts specify IP addresses, conflicts with DHCP-assigned IP addresses are caused. The above two aspects, all caused the apa
attacks common types of spoofing attacks include MAC spoofing, IP spoofing, and IP/MAC spoofing. Hackers can forge the source address of the packets to perform attacks, the objective is generally to forge an identity or obtain privileges against IP/MAC. In addition, this method is also applied to DoS (Denial of Service) attacks, seriously endangering network security.
To prevent IP/MAC spoofing attacks, the H3C low-end Ethernet switch provides the IP Filter feature, the switch can force the sou
products currently provide a maximum of Gbps switching capacity/mpps packet forwarding capability, and can be smoothly upgraded to 1.44Tbps switching capacity and 857Mpps packet forwarding capability; supports a variety of high-density business boards and combined business boards. The entire machine can support up to 576 Gigabit ports for simultaneous line rate forwarding.
3. Powerful business support capabilities
Quidway S8500 supports mpls vpn services; supports a wide range of multicast prot
Software Enterprise Edition) provides comprehensive performance, fault, security, alarm, and configuration management.2. easy maintenance. The self-developed S-Manager Network Management Platform supports SNMP V1.0/2.0, snmp mib-II, Ethernet-like MIB, Bridge MIB, and Start Enterprise MIB, and RMON Statistics, History, Alarm, and Event group management can realize remote fault alarms and Automatic logging of devices.3. support expansion. The center of the residential area uses modular devices. T
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