immutable class c#

Yesterday to interview a company, the interview problem has a problem, I did not clear, first recorded as follows:class d{public: void PrintA () { cout PrintA "Endl; } Virtual void PRINTB () { cout"printb"Endl; }};Main function Call:D *d=null;d,PrintA ();d->printb ();What is the output?It was thought that object D was directly initialized to NULL, that the non-virtual member function did not have an address, and that the virtual member function, since the object

Assigning values between a base-class pointer and a child-class pointer(1) When assigning a subclass pointer to a base class pointer, no forced type conversion is required, and the C + + compiler automatically casts the type. Because the child class object is also a base

library. The code that uses the defined class is generally referred to as the customer code.In order to use the classes in Ch09classlib, a reference to Ch09ClassLib.dll is added to the console application. For this example, the reference is an output file to the class library, or it can be copied to the local location of CH09EX02 to continue developing the class

determine the number of elements in the array, so there is no need to count each.sizeof is an operator and is used similar to a function. When the parameter is an array name, the number of bytes of memory is given to the entire array, and when the argument is a type, the number of bytes of that type variable is obtained.For string arrays, initialization has a more convenient method:Char name[] = "Always Laugh";The name is then automatically assigned to an array of length 13 (Don't forget the '

() {returnBase2_obj; }// go to base2};/// class DerivedintBase1_open (base1 B1) {returnB1.open (); }intBase2_open (base2 B2) {returnB2.open (); }intMainvoid) {Derived D; Std::cout //Like upcasting in inheritance.Std::cout //Like upcasting in inheritance.}An accompanying class diagram is easy to understand:The class derived here is not a subclass, but instead

Released on: 12/13/2004 | updated on: 12/13/2004 Ianier Munoz This document assumes that you are familiar with C # And Windows Forms. Download the code in this article:Zipcompression.exe(150kb) Summary When you store files or send files over the network, using zip compression can save space and network bandwidth. In addition, the directory structure of the ZIP folder will not be lost, which makes it a very useful compression solution.

the following form:Class template name Where the type argument table should match the type-form parameter table in the class template. Classes generated with class templates are called template classes. Class templates and template classes are not the same concept, the class template is the definition of the template,

[C ++ basics 05] youyuan function and youyuan class, 05 yuan class Youyuan is a common function or class defined outside the class, but it needs to be described in the class body. In order to distinguish it from the member functio

Linked list nodes in C + + are typically of the same type. So we can do that with templates.#include using namespacestd;template//define a declaration that a template class must haveclassLinknode//The class that represents the linked list node { Public: Linknode (): M_pnext (nullptr) {}//constructor, implemented in the function body equivalent to the default in f

C # Idioms:enum or enum class (enum Class) Marshine (Original composition format: http://www.marshine.com) Reversion:2004/5/28 Modification Note: Thanks to the CLS compatibility issue mentioned by Ninputer, while modifying the Equals rewrite not mentioned in the original version, and modifying the imperfect code of "= =" overload and adding the enum struct con

. So that when the object is defined it cannot be started by the constructor Initiation. 2, static members can not be initialized in the class definition, can only be initialized outside of the class body. 3, static members still follow the public,private,protected access guidelines. 4. A static member function does not have the this pointer, and it cannot return non-static members because the

"afxdialogex.h" Cdrugdlg dialog box Implement_dynamic (Cdrugdlg, CDialog) Cdrugdlg::cdrugdlg (cwnd* pparent /*=null*/) : CDialogEx (Cdrugdlg::idd, pparent) { } Cdrugdlg::~cdrugdlg () { } This initialization is also often used to initialize constant (const) members in a class, as shown in the following code: Class Point { 　　Public Point (): X (0), y (0)

){++ Numtanks ;} ~ Enemytank () {-- numtanks ;} Static size_t numberoftanks (){Return numtanks ;} Virtual bool destroy (); PRIVATE:Static size_t numtanks; // tank object counter}; Finally, assume that an enemytank object is dynamically created using new somewhere else in the program, and then deleted using delete: Enemytarget * targetptr = new enemytank; ... Delete targetptr This will cause a serious problem, because the C +

C # static classes and static class members are used to create data and functions that can be accessed without creating an instance of the class. Static class members can be used to detach data and behavior that are independent of any object identity: No matter what changes the object has, the data and functions do not

Pre-Knowledge:The difference between our CPP file and the. h file in C + + is that CPP files are files that need to be compiled, become a standalone compilation unit, and H files never need to be compiled, just for preprocessing.Usually we complete the implementation of the function in the CPP file, then in H is the declaration of the function, because by default, global variables and global function storage types are extern type, so we do not need to

outside of the class body. 3, static members still follow the public,private,protected access guidelines. 4. A static member function does not have the this pointer, and it cannot return non-static members because the class itself can be invoked in addition to the object calling it.Static member functions can directly access the static data and function members of the

If it weren't for Apple, it wasn't app Store,object-c. I'm afraid it's already out of sight. Most programming languages are based on the C grammar style, so the first touch of this non-C-style language, will not understand its strange grammar. But if it is mastered, it will not feel too much different. Keep a record of its bottom-up operations today.1: Classes cl

declaration to fill in the corresponding number of DWORD, and then compile the link OK.Continue to say back C # cannot find DLL file problem, run Masm32 program popup cannot find the C + + DLL depends on another DLL, so find this dependent DLL copied to C # reference directory run C # again, through.Conclusion:

Static class members include static data members and static function members. I. static data members: When the static keyword is added before the declaration of the data member in the class body, the data member becomes the static data member of the class. Like other data members, static data members also comply with public/protected/private access rules. Sta

How do you define a class in Objective-c? We can use the following format to represent:[CPP]View Plaincopy @interface Class Name: Parent class Name { variable definition; } method definition; @end; An example is given below:[CPP]View Plaincopy @interface Person:nsobject { nsst