How to communicate with different vlan segments of a layer-3 switch can be achieved through the layer-3 function of the layer-3 Switch, that is, route forwarding. For example, PC1 (192.168.255.2/24) is connected to GE0/0/1 PC2 (192.168.254.2/24) connect to GE0/0/2 int GE0/0/1 belongs to vlan 2 int GE0/0/2 belongs to vlan 3 both port link modes are access from above two ports Layer 2 can be found to be disconnected; three-tier Forwarding is required. How can I interwork through three-tier forward
Preface: since the 21st Century, emails played a more important role by writing letters to achieve communication between different regions. The emergence of the Internet greatly reduced the reception time, how to Set up an email server to allow real-time conversations? in linux, postfix is used.
Tutorial preparation: Disable SELinux and configure the yum source IP address
Lab environment: RHEL5.5
The lab uses at least three machines, one of which a
Life goes on, go go go ...
Previously, there was a reference to the standard library provided by Golang: NET Package
Go Language Learning Net package (the path to go) brief aftertaste net package
func Parseip
Func Parseip (s string) IP
Parseip parses S as an IP address, returning the result. The string s can is in dotted decimal ("192.0.2.1") or IPv6 ("2001:db8:
the Ethernet receive this frame and check the target address. If the target address and network adapter address are the same, the adapter software processes the received frame and transmits the data to the higher layer in the protocol stack.
Chapter 2 Internet Layer
Addressing and sending-- In a selected route network, the TCP/IP software uses the following policy to send data on the network:
1. If the destination address and source address are in
data packet must go through. It can go through an unspecified IP address.Strict origin route: Specifies the IP address that a data packet must go through. It cannot go through an unspecified IP address.
Ii. IP addresses and routes
The IPv4 IP address is 4 bytes in length.
Ip subnet-zero and ip classless usage if you have a class c ip address, such as 192.168.10.0, you want to divide it into eight CIDR blocks, each of which can contain 32 hosts, subnetmask is: 192.168.10.0-31, broadcast address: 192.168.10.31 192.168.10.32-63, broadcast address: 192.168.10.32, broadcast address: 192.168.
The following method is used to determine whether an IP address is included in an IP Range:
Some static methods may reference custom classes with the same name space,
For merging two adjacent IP segments, you can add the maximum or minimum IP addresses to the CIDR Block
Usin
IP subnet addressing
All Hosts must support subnet addressing (rfc950 [mogulandpostel1985]). IThe P address is simply composed of a network number and a host number. Instead, the host number is divided into a sub-network number and a host number.The reason for this is that Class A and Class B addresses allocate too much space for the master host number, and the number of hosts can be-2 and 21 respectively.6-2. In fact, there are not so many hosts in a
(1) The idea of modifying dynamic IP to static IP① back up the Ifcfg-eth0 file before modifying IP② Enter the NIC configuration directory/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0③ modifying Bootproto=static④ modifying Onboot=yes⑤ Configuring a static IP address ipaddr⑥ Configuring DNS NETMASK⑦ Configuring the Gateway G
Ubuntu 15.10 sets static ip Address Allocation fixed ip Address Settings dns settings gateway command line configuration ip fixed ip address does not take effect what to do, ubuntu15.10
Files to be used:
Configure Interface Information
/Etc/network/interfaces
Configuration content:
Auto eth0
Iface eth0 inet static
Addr
Files to use:Configuring interface Information/etc/network/interfacesConfiguration content:Auto Eth0Iface eth0 inet StaticAddress 192.168.216.188Gateway 192.168.216.2Netmask 255.255.255.0Configure DNS/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/baseConfiguration content: NameServer 192.168.216.2To view DNS:/etc/resolv.confCommand:View System Network InformationIfconfigRestart Network Service/etc/init.d/networking restartTake a look at your own local information (auxiliary only)Available IPNow automatically ass
simulationLANE is introduced by the ATM Forum to simulate Eerthnet/802.3 and Token Ring/802.45 on the ATM network. By using LAN simulation, existing LAN applications can communicate on the ATM network, just like on a traditional LAN that uses MAC addresses for addressing, it can provide multicast and broadcast data transmission. LANE runs on the MAC layer, and any layer-3 protocol can run on it. On the contrary, CIPOA can only run the IP protocol.A s
class A addresses is so large that there is A waste of addresses, so classification becomes the only solution, after all, the address space has been divided and cannot be replayed. Therefore, the subnet can only be divided by classification. Therefore, the host part of all the IP addresses of an organization can also be pulled out as the subnet network number, this is called the subnet division based on the classified
a route summary or route induction. When a router checks and computes a route, resources are consumed. The more route entries there are, the longer the route table is, the more time it takes. Therefore, the route table length is reduced through route aggregation, it is helpful to improve the efficiency of the router. The efficiency of effective route summary and summarization is closely related to the distribution of IP address
interface reaches the destination.The IP address of the next hop router entry of the Gateway. The router defines a link to the next router through the interface and gateway.
Normally, the interface and gateway are in the same network segment.The number of metric hops. The quality of this route record. Generally, if there are multiple route records that reach the same destination, the router will
Use the route with a small metric ValueArticle 1Default
RedHat in Linux
Modify IP Address:Edit file/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0Device = eth0 // device name, do not modifyBootproto = static // do not modifyBroadcast = 10.10.22.255 // broadcast address, which is generally the last IP address of the network segmentIpaddr = 10.10.22.145 // ip addressNetmask = 255.255.255.0 // Subnet MaskNetwork = 10.10.22.0 /
masks, and address classifications can be divided and addressed together. The absence of any of the three elements will lead to logical vulnerabilities.
The last problem: Similarly, in a LAN, theoretically we also need to split subnets of varying sizes, which also need to classify IP addresses, for example, 10.0.0.0/8 is divided into 10.0.0.0/16 ~ 10.127.0.0/16 and 10.128.0.0/24 ~ 10.191.255.0/24, etc. Ask the network administrator about the feasibil
Java determines whether an IP is within a network segment
Calculate how many IP addresses are in Ip/mask: 2 (32-mask) of the second partyFor example: 192.168.3.4/30 has a total of 2 (32-30) of the second-order IP Java determines whether an IP
. The network number and subnet number are all 1, and the host number is all 0
3. Because the subnet mask bits represent 1
4. Therefore, the subnet COUNT = the subnet mask count (24)-The subnet mask count (18) = 6
5. Therefore, it contains 2 to the power of 6-2 networks, except for the case where all 0 and 1 are involved.
Supplement:
Two hosts in the same CIDR Block do not need to communicate through routers. In addition, VLAN and virtual LAN are use
route table, route aggregation can also improve the network stability by limiting the propagation of Route communication after the network connection is disconnected. If a router sends only the aggregated route to the next downstream router, it will not broadcast changes related to the specific subnet contained in the aggregation range. For example, if a router only broadcasts the aggregation route address 172.16.0.0/16 to its neighboring router, if it detects a fault in the 172.16.10.0/24 LAN
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