topics list ).
Description
Use the Memory code
The alternative Memory code of the segment is cs:, ds:, es:, and ss :. The memory code returned remotely is retf. The memory code for string processing must explicitly declare the string size. For example, movsw can be used to move 16-bit strings and movsb can be used to move 8-bit byte strings.
Assembly jump and call
The assembler automatically assembles short, near and far jumps and calls to the target address based on the replacement of bytes. Y
similar to that of mov.
(4). Push: in the stack, the top pointer of the stack (SP) = (SP) + 2, and a word of data is stored in the memory unit specified by the SP
For example:
Push ax; push register push ds: [0]; push memory unitEasy to troubleshoot:
Push al; push register (high/low) byte (invalid command), must be a word, 16-Bit Data push 8 h; push constant (invalid command)
(5). Pop: read out the stack, read the memory unit indicated by the word sp, and make the stack top pointer (SP) = (
that of mov.
(3). sub: reduce the data value. The usage is similar to that of mov.
(4). push: in the stack, the top pointer of the stack (sp) = (sp) + 2, and a word of data is stored in the memory unit specified by the sp
For example:
Push ax; push register push ds: [0]; push memory unitEasy to troubleshoot:
Push al; push register (high/low) byte (invalid command), must be a word, 16-Bit Data push 8 h; push constant (invalid command)
(5). pop: read out the stack, read the memory unit indica
illustrate that int_rate and fp_rate are respectively 31.0 and 31.4, similar to the performance of Pentium D 930.
Sciencemark v2.0 Membench
Sciencemark v2.0 is a software used to test the performance of the system, especially the processor in a scientific computing application, Membenchmark is a functional module designed for processor caching and system memory that can test system memory bandwidth, L1 cache latency, L2 Cache latency and system memory latency, in addition to testing the perform
used to read the instruction from the Rom. The output should be a PC address, and the last four clock cycles are used to read and write the RAM or port, this address is provided by the command, and the output signal of the selected address is provided by the 8-division clock signal fecth.
The program counter is used to provide the instruction address for reading the instruction. The instruction is stored in the memory in order of address. There are
1. IP addresses can be modified, or commands for both CS and IP addresses can be collectively referred to as transfer commands. There are two types of transfer:
(1) only change the IP address to intra-segment transfer, for example, JMP ax
(2) Change CS and IP address to inter-segment transfer, for example, JMP 1000:0
2. The offset operator is a pseudo-instruction. Its function is to get the offset address
Skip Table Detail NoteSee the comment code specificallyluogup3369:https://www.luogu.org/recordnew/show/117824191#include 2 #defineRepeat (a,b,c,d) for (int a=b;a3 using namespacestd;4 structnode{5 intNxt,dwn,jmp,val;6}a[100000*4];7 intAl =0, N,first;8 Const intMAXDEP =9, INF =1e9;9InlinevoidBuild () {//called at the beginning of the program to construct a DEP=MAXDEP tableTen for(RegisterintI=1; i//Build Start Node OneA[++AL].NXT = Maxdep + i;
, doing a lot of profiling also requires more compiler resources. If the JVM uses the C2 compiler, it will need to use more CPU cycles, larger code buffers, and so on.
Multi-layer compilation
Multi-tier compilation mixes client and server-side compilation. Azul the first to implement multi-tier compilation in his zing JVM. Recently, this technology has been adopted by the Oracle Java Hotspot JVM (after Java SE7). Multi-tier compilation combines the
.libincludelib masm32.libincludelib debug. lib. data dwarr DD 1, 2, 4, 5. codemain proc Lea EDI, dwarr; give the array start address to a register mov ECx, lengthof dwarr; give the number of array elements (the number of times to be repeated) to ECx XOR eax, eaxl1: Add eax, [EDI]; the addresses in EDI will change constantly. Get the element values add EDI and type dwarr through [EDI]; get the address of the next element loop L1 printdec eax; 15 retmain endpend main
Example of copying a str
solution is to process the wm_nccreate message, obtain the object address placed during window creation from the lparam parameter, and call setwindowlong to put it into the window object in the kernel, in the public callback function, call getwindowlong to obtain the object address, and then call the object function.This method is relatively simple but mediocre. In terms of efficiency, a system call is required every time a message is processed. A system call takes hundreds of cup
that TR points to the new TSS, and the task switching is completed. The CPU can also implement task switching through the JMP and CALL commands. when the jump or CALL target segment actually points to a TSS description in the GDT table, a task switching will occur.
2. Linux task switching and field protection
?? Intel is well-designed for task switching and provides a simple task switching mechanism. However, Linux does not use the task switching mec
(i) the foregoingYou can modify the IP, or both CS and IP instructions are collectively referred to as transfer instructions .The transfer behavior has the following categories:
When you modify IP only, it is called intra-segment transfer, for example: JMP ax.
Simultaneous modification of CS and IPs is called inter-segment transfer, for example: jmp 1000:0.
because the transfer instruction
Software task-SwitchingFrom alt. OS. DevelopmentAll lines preceded by a ">" were written by sefirot. All other lines were written by Kovacs Viktor Peter.
> Hello,> Wocould you explain the way of software task-Switching> (Namely, switching without using TSS) on x86 in detail?
It's simple:-Push all regs to the stack-Load a new value into SS: ESP (switch kernel stacks)-Pop all regs from the new stack-Load a new value into 32a (PD base REG)-Load a new SS: ESP value into the system TSS (patch it)-Ire
the block number begins with address 1000. Because the maximum number of consecutive 1 values and start addresses in the bitmap will change when released. Preferably, the entire bitmap is copied into it; it takes more time, and less than 0.3us. So, the call is:Gkliyk (0.release.1.0, 300.1000, mem_xmub, mem_xmub. MAXLX1);Another example is in a process where the code needs to request an open file number. If you want to be simple, just:Gkliyk (0.allot.1.0, 1.0, ji_fs_no_xmub, ji_fs_no_xmub. MAXLX
IntroductionThe 8086CPU transfer instruction is divided into the following categories:Unconditional transfer instructions (e.g., JMP)Conditional Transfer Directivesloop instructions (e.g. loop)ProcessInterrupt9.1 Operator OffsetThe operator offset is a symbol that is handled by the compiler in assembly language, and its function is to obtain the offset address of the label.9.2 JMP InstructionsJMP is uncondi
assembly language programs, we usually do not directly put the machine code into the memory, but into a string of mnemonic symbols. These symbols are easier to remember than hexadecimal machine codes, this is the Assembly command. The mnemonic number, indicating the operation that the CPU should perform. That is to say, the assembler language composed of mnemonic is designed for humans, and machine language is designed for PCs. Now, let's analyze a program that can display all ASCII codes. 1. e
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