layer 2 tunneling protocol

. Processes of different systems communicate with each other by exchanging packets across computer networks. It can be divided into client processes and server processes. In a given communication session between processes, the process initiating communication is a client process, and the process waiting for connection is a server process. A process sends and receives packets over the network through a software interface called socket. A socket is an Application Programming Interface API between

ARP protocol (Address Resolution Protocol)　　ConceptThe Address Resolution protocol, known as ARP Resolution Protocol, is a TCP/IP protocol that obtains physical addresses based on IP addresses .DividedBecause the IP protocol uses

Implementation of IP protocol (V4) in Linux (2)This article mainly introduces forward and local delivery. Last time we mentioned that after ip_rcv_finish is complete, call the relevant sending functions ip_forward or ip_local_deliver. This time we will mainly introduce these two functions. Let's first look at forward. Forward generally consists of the following parts: 1. Execute IP Option2. Make sure this p

data-reporting formats.PPP (Point-to-Point protocol) is a replacement from slip. They all offer a low-speed access solution. Each data link layer protocol has an MTU (maximum transmission Unit) definition, under which the IP datagram is too large to be fragmented (fragmentation) so that each slice is less than the MTU, noting that the MTU of PPP is not a physica

[] args) throws IOException { //based on host name To obtain the corresponding inetaddress instance inetaddress ia = inetaddress.getbyname ("192.168.49.50"); //determine if it's up to system.out.println ("oneedu is reachable" +ia.isreachable); // Gets the IP string for the inetaddress instance system.out.println (ia.gethostaddress ()); //Gets the host name of the IP string for the inetaddress instance system.out.println ( Ia.gethostname ()); //Gets the fully qualified domain name

streams, voice streams, and video streams in the network has a great impact on the network's effective and stable performance, and these applications are initiated on the edge of the network, therefore, L2 switches must be able to differentiate different business flows and assign different bandwidths and forward priorities based on their priorities. Edge smart switches add QoS based on the existing manageable switch technology ). Using a high-performance integrated chip, a

I. Introduction to the HTTP protocol1, the client connected to the Web server, if you want to get a Web server in a Web resource, you need to follow a certain communication format, the HTTP protocol is used to define the client and Web server communication format. In a DOS environment, a Web server can be connected directly via the telnet command. Use the HTTP protocol to send a request for a page.

Protocol) is a substitute from slip. They all provide a low-speed access solution. Each data link layer protocol has a MTU (maximum transmission unit) Definition. Under this definition, fragmentation is required if the IP datagram is too large ), make each piece smaller than MTU. Note that the MTU of PPP is not a physical definition, but a logical definition (in

to broadcast all ports except the source port, usually the switch chip can also be configured as discard, CPU and other actions. 6. the layer-2 multicast protocol mainly includes IGMP and so on. The principle can be referenced in many places. Currently, there are three major versions. The relationship between the MAC and IP addresses of

the final destination, it will be delivered to the appropriate transport layer protocol. 1. Option Processing Ip_dooptions: processing option. If ip_dooptions returns 0, ipintr continues to process the group. Otherwise, ip_dooptions forwards or discards the group Ipintr can process the next group in the input queue. After processing the option, ipintr compares ip_dst in the IP header with the IP addresses

Java web basics 2-http protocol, javawebJava web basics 2-http protocol Because java web is based on B/S, http is the most basic and important knowledge of java web. HTTP is used to define the format of communication between the client and the web server. Obtaining a web resource from a web server or receiving client

The User Datagram protocol, or UDP, is a simple transport layer protocol for datagrams: Each output of a process produces only one UDP datagram, which sendsAn IP datagram.The process accesses UDP by creating an sock_dgram type of socket within an Internet domain. This type of socket is referred to as a non-connected by default. Each process sendsData, you must sp

. Stateless proxy: Stateless agent server. Logically, stateless proxy servers do not maintain client and service-side transaction state machines in processing requests. A stateless proxy server forwards each received request and each received response directly. Strict Routing: Strict routing. Routing rules if the RFC2543 protocol is reviewed (and many prior work in progress the This RFC) is a strict route. Under this rule, if you include the route

Meanings of L2 Switching Ethernet is the most commonly used protocol in the home and office so far. The connection is very simple. You only need to connect the computer to the Home Office switch or the RJ45 socket on the office wall. To allow a data group to find its destination, multiple protocols and technologies are running on both the data plane and the control plane. These are collectively referred to as L2 switches or bridging. The basic feature

Java Network Programming (2) InetAddress class and udp protocol, inetaddressudpInetAddress class JDK provides the java.net package for developing network applications. The classes and interfaces under this package are almost all network programming services. InetAddress: the object used to describe the IP address The InetAddress class does not provide a constructor, Instead, a static method is provided to o

Features of the data link layer:Provide services to the network layer, good service interface, ensure the effective and reliable data transmission, adjust the traffic, ensure that the slow receiver is not overwhelmed by the fast sender.The protocol of the data link layer is still many, there are our most commonly used Ethernet (that is, we usually use the network

The second layer of the router's bridging function is actually the ability to process data frames. When a vro enables a "sub-interface", multiple data frame encapsulation such as ISL and 802. 1Q are supported. In this way, we can use a router to connect to a layer 2 device that uses different frames to encapsulate the standard. Cisco routers provide Integrated Ro

Layer 2 attacks against Python Network Attacks 0x00 Abstract In Layer 2 attacks in this chapter, we will go to the fantastic journey of network hacking. Let's review that the second layer is responsible for sending packets over Ethernet using MAC addresses. In addition to A

TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of lots of links, multi-link Transparent Interconnection) is a standard developed by IETF to implement layer-2 extension of data centers. Currently, some protocols have been standardized, such as RFC6325, 6326,6327 and so on. The core idea of this Protocol is to introduce mature layer

Chapter 2 _ three purposes of The Link Layer of network protocol: sending and receiving IP datagram for the IP module, sending ARP requests for the ARP module, and receiving ARP responses; sends RARP requests to RARP and receives RARP responses. Ethernet is the main LAN technology used by TCP/IP today. It uses CSMA/CD (Multi-Channel Access for carrier listeners w