Label: Check the database-level parameter settingsSELECT * from Nls_database_parameters; Check the parameter settings at the instance levelSELECT * FROM Nls_instance_parameters Check the session-level parameter settingsSELECT * FROM Nls_session_parameters Check your local language environmentSELECT USERENV (' LANGUAGE ') from DUAL; Simplified Chinese_china. Zhs16gbk Start processing
ASCII Code for queries
SELECT ASCII () from DUAL; You can see that the ASCII code for this
example, you can use to sum a list:defAdd (x, y):returnX +yPrintReduce (Add, range (1, 11)) Note:1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10reduce (Add, range (1, 11), 20) Note:1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+20 iv.Lambda This is Python support an interesting syntax that allows you to quickly define a single line of the smallest function, similar to the C language of the macro, these functions, called Lambda, is borrowed from Lisp, can be used in any need function of the place: G=LambdaX:X * 2PrintG (3)#6Print(LambdaX:X * 2) (3
Special Permissions for Files--suid,guid,sticky,faclSUID (full name: Set user ID upon execution)1. functionTheoretical understanding: When a user runs a program, if the program has SUID permissions, then when the program runs as a process, the owner of the process is not the initiator, but the program file's own owner. Simple to understand: is to have no access to the normal user to run this program, you can access the resources without access rights.
Linux Special Permissions suid, SGID, SbitFirst, SUIDLet's start by looking at a file, as follows:[Email protected] ~]# LL/USR/BIN/PASSWD-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 25980 February 2012/usr/bin/passwdCan see/usr/bin/passwd This file status is "-rwsr-xr-x", rather than our usual familiar "-rwxr-xr-x", then when s appears in the file owner's X permission, this time is called the set UID abbreviation SUID.
The purpose of SUID
When you run the pr
1. > Redirect Output symbols. 2. >> redirect output symbols, but with append functionality. 3. 2> error redirects the output symbol, overwriting the original file contents. 4. 2>> error REDIRECT output symbol, has the function of file content append. 5. * matches any character. 6. ? matches any one character. 7. | pipe symbol. 8. Background Process character. 9. l logic and symbols. Usage: Command 1 command 2 indicates that if command 1 executes successfully, continue with command 2. 10.| | l
callback function can call wait () or Waitpid () recovery. For more detailed usage of the signal, see "signal Interrupt Handling".The test code is as follows:
#include
Operation Result:
3) If the parent process does not care about when the child process ends, then the kernel can be notified with signal (SIGCHLD, sig_ign) , and the parent process ignores this signal, so the kernel is recycled after the child process is over. And no longer sends a signal to the parent process.
, SetGID: When an executable program/command has SetGID permissions, when the user executes the program, it will be executed in the identity of the group to which the program belongs .2, plus Setgid permissions:chmod g+s [filename] or chmod 2755 [filename] #SetGID权限值 =2#可以看到testfile2的所属组并不是默认的guest, but root!.
"also set UID with the GID chmod 655 ... " Sticky bit [privilege value =1] 1, Sticky bit: If a directory with permissions of 777, is set up a sticky bit, each user can create files in thi
Wildcard charactersWhen you need to query the desired results with a command, the user does not have to find all of them and can use the shell wildcard character. The wildcard character of the shell command is the following table
Symbol
Meaning
Instance
*
Any character of any length
A*b, matching such as a3b, ACB, AABC, A/b, a123,/b.
?
Match any single character
A?b, matching such as A1B, ACB, A, b
[ ]
Mat
Python class, there are some members with special meanings, the details are as follows:1.__doc__Represents the description of a classClass Foo: "" " describes the classes information, which is used to watch the Magic" " def func (self): passprint foo.__doc__# Output: Class description Information2.__module__ and __class____MODULE__ represents the object of the current operation in that module__CLASS__ represents the class of the object th
Solidity API is mainly manifested as solidity built-in special variables and functions, they exist in the global namespace, mainly divided into the following categories:
Properties related to blocks and transactions
About error Handling
About math and encryption features
Address related
Contract related
Below is a detailed explanation ofBlocks and trading attributes (block and Transaction properties)Used to provide some c
Str class
Create
Functions that handle strings
Subscript operator []
Intercept operator [Start:end]
Join operators and copy operators
In and not in operators
Comparison Operation Method
Iterate string
Test string
Search for sub-strings
Convert string
Remove white space characters
formatting strings
Operator overloading and special methods
1. Special PermissionsSUID: When running a program, the owner of the corresponding process is the owner of the program file itself, not the initiator. (suid permissions generally do not use in special cases)chmod u+s file to add corresponding suid permissions, chmod u-s file to reduce the corresponding SUID permissionsIf file itself has execute permission, then SUID is displayed as s;SGID: When running a pr
Scripting for the special use of the while statement under the Linux Bash Program (10)1. Loop control:Break: Interrupts the entire loop statement, which is the statement following the execution of the script after exiting the loopContinue: Interrupt the current cycle, advance to the next round cycleExit: End Script Run2.while dead Loop, that is, when you do not know how many times the loopFormat: while:; DoLooping statementsDone3.while reads and assig
output it in the appropriate place.p= ' pwd '; echo $p; -->/home
\
An escape character that removes the specific meaning of the symbol (eg:*|). Turn it into a regular punctuation mark
;
Semicolon: In the shell, the symbol that functions as a "continuous instruction" is a semicolon.Command1;command2;command3: Whether the previous command runs successfully or not, the subsequent commands continue to run
;;
Continuous semicolon:
Conditional Judgments in shell scripts
1.if [Condition];thenStatementFi2.If [Condition];thenStatementelif [Condition];thenStatementElseStatementFi
Note the point:1-1. If and fi are paired, a syntax error occurs when the script executes when the fi is missing.1-2. When the condition is judged, the use of square brackets requires special care, where there must be a space between if and [, there must be a space between th
\; Each operation requires the user's confirmation-exec Commad {} (referenced files found) does not require user confirmation (example: fin D./-perm-001-exec mv {} {}.new\;)
Special permissions:
SUID: When running a program, the owner of the corresponding process is the owner of the program file itself, not the initiator's
SGID: When running a program, the owning group of the corresponding process is the basic group of the program file itself,
Special variables:$?: The execution result of the previous command returns a value of 0-255,0 for execution success, and other values indicate unsuccessful execution$!:shell PID of the last running background processPID of the $$:shell itself$: Script file path itself file name;$#: The number of script parameters;$*: all parameter lists. If "$*" is enclosed in "" ", output all parameters in the form of" $ $ ... $n "[Email protected]: all Parameters li
Shell Special variablesVariable meaning$ $ Gets the script name of the currently executing shell script, including the path and script name if the script has a path$n Gets the nth parameter in the currently executing shell script. But when n=1..9, but n is 0, indicates the file name of the script, and if n is greater than 9, it needs to be enclosed in curly braces, such as ${10}.$# Get the total number of parameters in the current shell command li
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