linux hardening

dynamic properties are all stored in the heap, and the heap must be accessed by the instruction (the method of the class) through the address pointers in the stack. It is therefore possible to infer that static properties are stored in the stack, unlike dynamic properties stored in the heap. Because all are in the stack, and the instructions and data in the stack are fixed-length, it is easy to calculate the offset, and therefore, regardless of the instruction (the method of the Class), you can

StringBuffer =NewStringBuffer (text); - System.out.print (Stringbuffer.reverse ()); the } - -}The results of the operation are as follows:3. Convert a string to byte[], byte[] is to store each character of the string as a byte type, but not a char type. So there is no direct reverse output (not like 1). However, we can convert the string to byte[] , and then we can exchange the elements in the end of the symmetry, so that the reverse output is achieved:1 Packagehimi.hebao05;2 3 Publi

{ -System.out.print (""); + } A } at System.out.println (); - } - /*print the lower half of a diamond triangle the middle row is common so the number of rows is Length-1*/ - for(inti = length-1; i > 0; i--) { - for(intj = 1; J ) { -System.out.print (""); in } - for(intK = 1; K ) { to if(k = = 1 | | k = = 2 * i-1) { +System.out.print ("*"); -}Else { theSystem.out.print (""); *

1.short s = 1; s = s + 1; Is there a problem? What if it's solved?Short S = 1; s + = 1; Is there a problem? What if it's solved?2. Understanding:Short S=1;s=s+1;Nature is the compiler does not pass the hint loss accuracySo:Short S=1;S+=1;Why can it be compiled through that?There is one more question:Implicit type conversions can be auto-byte->short->int->long from small to large, that is, if you lose precision in turn, you must perform a display type conversionAnd S+=1 's meaning is different fr

path, but pass a OutputStream object?A: The reason is simple, the byte buffer stream only provides buffers, designed for efficiency. However, the actual read and write operation is also dependent on the basic flow object implementation.3. Bufferedoutputstream Write Data , code example:1 Packagecn.itcast_05;2 3 ImportJava.io.BufferedOutputStream;4 ImportJava.io.FileOutputStream;5 Importjava.io.IOException;6 7 Public classBufferedoutputstreamdemo {8 Public Static voidMain (string[] args)th

1. FileInputStream reading data One byte array at a time byte[]Use FileInputStream to read one byte array at a time:int read (byte[] b)　　return value : The return value is actually the number of bytes actually read.2. code example:1 PackageCom.himi.fileinputstream;2 3 ImportJava.io.FileInputStream;4 Importjava.io.IOException;5 6 7 8 /**9 * Ten * Use FileInputStream one byte array at a time: int read (byte[] b) One * Return value: The return value is actually the number of bytes actually read A

create a collection object theHashmapNewHashmap(); - - //Create student Objects -Student S1 =NewStudent ("Marten Cicada", 27); +Student s2 =NewStudent ("Wang Zhaojun", 30); -Student s3 =NewStudent ("Xi Shi", 33); +Student S4 =NewStudent ("Yang Yuhuan", 35); AStudent S5 =NewStudent ("Marten Cicada", 27); at - //adding elements -Hm.put (S1, "8888"); -Hm.put (S2, "6666"); -Hm.put (S3, "5555"); -Hm.put (S4, "7777"); inHm.put (S5, "9999"); - to //Traverse +SetHm.keyset ();

1. Requirements: Copy the D:\\english.mp4 to the current project directory Copy.mp4code example:1 Packagecom.himi.filecopy;2 3 ImportJava.io.FileInputStream;4 ImportJava.io.FileOutputStream;5 Importjava.io.IOException;6 7 /**8 * 9 * Requirements: Copy the D:\\english.mp4 to the current project directory Copy.mp4Ten * One */ A Public classCOPYMP4 { - - Public Static voidMain (string[] args)throwsIOException { the //Data Source -FileInputStream FIS =NewFileInputStream ("D:\\engl

is as follows:1 Packagecn.itcast_03;2 3 ImportJava.io.FileWriter;4 Importjava.io.IOException;5 ImportJava.io.PrintWriter;6 7 /*8 * 1: Any type of data can be manipulated. 9 * PRINT ()Ten * println () One * 2: Start auto Refresh A * PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter (New FileWriter ("Pw2.txt"), true); - * or you should call the println () method to - * This time not only automatically refreshed , but also to achieve the data line-breaking . the * - * println () - * actually equivalent to :

[] args)throwsIOException { - //Encapsulating Data Sources -BufferedReader br =NewBufferedReader (NewFileReader ("B.txt")); - // Encapsulate Destination (Create collection Object) -arraylistNewArraylist(); - in //read data stored in the collection -String line =NULL; to while(line = Br.readline ())! =NULL) { + Array.add (line); - } the * //Freeing Resources $ br.close ();Panax Notoginseng - //iterating through the collection the

{ + //Encapsulating Data Sources -InputStreamReader ISR =NewInputStreamReader (NewFileInputStream ( +"A.txt")); A //Package Destination atOutputStreamWriter OSW =NewOutputStreamWriter (NewFileOutputStream ( -"B.txt")); - - //Read and write Data - //Mode 1 - //int ch = 0; in //While ((ch = isr.read ())! =-1) { - //osw.write (CH); to // } + - //Mode 2 the Char[] CHS =New Char[1024]; * intLen = 0; $

Switch statements in Java:Here expression control expressions can only have data types of byte, short, char, int four integer types and enumeration types, and cannot be of type Boolean;Java7 (1.7) improved the Switch Branch statement;Java7 allows the control expression in the switch statement to be of type java.lang.String ( cannot be stringbuffer or StringBuilder)Switch (expression){Case Condition1:{statement (s);Break}Case Condition2:{statement (s);Break}Case Condition3:{statement (s);Break}..

(); atSystem.out.println ("sub.filed =" + Sub.field + -", Sub.getfield () =" + Sub.getfield () + -", Sub.getsuperfield () =" +Sub.getsuperfield ()); - } -}Output:sup.filed = 0, Sup.getfield () = 1sub.filed = 1, Sub.getfield () = 1, Sub.getsuperfield () = 0Analysis:The sub subclass actually contains two fields called field, whereas the default domain generated when referencing field in sub is not a super version of the Field field, so in order to get Super.field, you must explicitly indicate

Public StaticDate stringtodate (string s, string format) the throwsParseException { + return NewSimpleDateFormat (format). Parse (s); - } $}2. Dateutildemo. Java, as follows:1 Packagecn.itcast_04;2 3 Importjava.text.ParseException;4 Importjava.util.Date;5 6 /*7 * Test of Tool class8 */9 Public classDateutildemo {Ten Public Static voidMain (string[] args)throwsParseException { OneDate d =NewDate (); A //YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss -String s = dateutil.datetos

(' A ')); -System.out.println ("isdigit:" + character.isdigit (' a ')); -System.out.println ("isdigit:" + character.isdigit (' 0 '))); -System.out.println ("-----------------------------------------"); - //Public Static char touppercase (char ch): Converts the given character to uppercase characters -System.out.println ("toUpperCase:" + character.touppercase (' A ')); inSystem.out.println ("toUpperCase:" + character.touppercase (' a ')); -System.out.println ("---------------------------

multiplicand) A * Public BigDecimal Divide (BigDecimal divisor) - * Public BigDecimal Divide (BigDecimal divisor,int scale,int roundingmode): quotient, several decimals, how to take out - */ the Public classBigdecimaldemo { - Public Static voidMain (string[] args) { - //System.out.println (0.09 + 0.01); - //System.out.println (1.0-0.32); + //System.out.println (1.015 *); - //System.out.println (1.301/100); + ABigDecimal BD1 =NewBigDecimal ("0.09"); atBigD

long - * Float float - * Double double the * Char Character - * Boolean boolean - * - * Used for conversions between basic data types and strings. + */ - Public classIntegerdemo { + Public Static voidMain (string[] args) { A //No, the trouble is coming. at //Public static String tobinarystring (int i) -System.out.println (integer.tobinarystring (100)); - //Public static String tooctalstring (int i) -System.out.println (integer.tooctalstring (100)); -

specified source array, starting at the specified position and ending at the specified position in the destination array. - */ the Public classSystemdemo { - Public Static voidMain (string[] args) { - //Defining Arrays - int[] arr = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55 }; + int[] arr2 = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }; - + //please look at the meaning of this code ASystem.arraycopy (arr, 1, ARR2, 2, 2); at - System.out.println (arrays.tostring (arr)); - System.out.println (arrays.tos

= new float (F1);Double D1 = F1.doublevalue ();e.g: double--->intDouble D1 = 100.00;Double D1 = new double (d1);int i1 = D1.intvalue ();(6) Conversion of string types to other data typesClass Test {public static void Main (String args[]) {int i1 = 10;float f1 = 3.14f;Double D1 = 3.1415926;Integer I1 = new Integer (i1);float F1 = new float (F1);Double D1 = new double (d1);String SI1 = i1.tostring ();String sf1 = F1 . toString ();String SD1 = D1. toString ();System.out.println ("SI1" +SI1);System

responsible for accepting user input, and informs the second class object (Checkerboard object) The change of the chess piece layout, the Checkerboard object receives the change of the chess piece to be responsible to show this change on the screen, and uses the third kind of object (rule system) to decide the chess game.For a novice, want to put the object-oriented thinking in the development of the use of the easy, is not a simple thing, has been said object-oriented is a kind of thought, tha