during delivery(4) TCP automatically adjusts the adaptation rate based on network bandwidth ( sliding window technology )(5) The sender will give each division message number, the receiver will check the number, once the order error will be re-transmitted.Socket-based programming1. Establish the connection(1) socket. The socket function is similar to open, which opens a
to display the network card real-time traffic information. By default, Iftop displays the traffic information for the first NIC of the system, and if you want to display the specified NIC information, you can do so through the "-i" parameter.(1) Iftop Output Interface DescriptionExecute the "iftop-p-I em1" command to get a typical output interface as shown in the Iftop.Wkiol1qo8oqhz2f4aallxonnzcm394.jpgThe output of the iftop can be divided into thre
Linux Command Line test network speed
In many cases, we need to test the uplink and downlink bandwidths of Linux servers. Speedtest.net may be one of the most widely used websites ".Speedtest.net provides a command line version-speedtest-cli. The following shows how to use speedtest-cli in Linux Command Line to test th
Article Title: Improving Linux system performance to accelerate network applications. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
When developing a socket application, the first
earlier Linux versions, such NAT is called port forwarding.A common variant is Server Load balancer, which performs ing on a group of machines. If you want to strictly limit the proportion, you may need to refer to Linux Virtual Server. Http://linuxvirtualserver.orgTransparent proxySometimes you may want to pass your Linux
The ping command in Linux is a commonly used network Command. it is usually used to test the connectivity with the target host. we often say, "ping a machine, check if it is on. "If you cannot open the webpage, you will say," You should ping the Gateway address 192.168.1.1 first"
It sends an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet to the network host (send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to
Blogs, wikis, podcasts (Podcast), and RSS feeds have changed people's reliance on traditional portals, so people will change the experience of traditional email apps from Gmail. At the end of last century, when the first generation of internet arose, most of the free mailboxes we applied for were around 2M. At that time, many netizens ' network bandwidth ranged from 14.4K dial-up modems to 56K, but now the
from 127.0.0.1.
B) NIS-Network Information System [developed by Sun]
# Centralized File Management
C) DNS-Domain Name System # domain Domain Name, domain
# The entire Internet is DNS-based domain name resolution, among which BIND is the most popular domain name resolution Software
Domain delegate management
Recursive query [not very fast]
Client ----> www.csdn.net
1. Local DNS server [cache (generalized cache )]
Therefore, if you access a websi
The previous note mainly introduced the basic knowledge related to time_wait. This article describes how to solve the problem raised by the article title based on practice.
1. view the system network configuration and current TCP statusIt is necessary to understand the default network configuration of the system when locating and handling network problems in appl
Linux network settings (below)
I. Internet addressing process (continued)
2. Internet addressing Process
6) Resolve the domain name to an IP address
A) Hosts resolution method [oldest]: Save the/etc/hosts file [saved in Windows]
Format: IP address host name/Domain Name alias
This file has been in use. For example, some anti-virus software will shield the IP address of an illegal website from 127.0.0.1.
B)
Epoll introduced
Epoll, introduced in the Linux 2.6 kernel, replaces the previous Select/poll model, and can fully support large-scale concurrent network programs under Linux. comparison between Epoll and other Linux concurrent network programs PPC
The typical Apache model,
In Linux, the wireless network card is used to set up an AP. due to the need of the experiment, we need to set up a wireless AP. after a long time, we finally finished the setup. Www.2cto.com my machine is equipped with two NICs, the wired Nic is connected to the network through the network, and there is also a Wireles
ARP: the ARP cache in the management system
Arpwatch: Listening for ARP records
Arping: Sending ARP requests to an adjacent host
Finger: Find and display user information
Ifconfig: Setting up the network interface
Iwconfig: Setting up a wireless card
Hostname: Display host name
IFUP: Activating the device
Ifdown: Disabling network devices
Mii-tool: Adjusting the NIC mode
First, Dstat use1. IntroductionDstat is a versatile product that can replace Vmstat,iostat,netstat and Ifstat commands. Dstat overcomes the limitations of these commands and adds additional functionality, increasing the number of monitoring items and becoming more flexible. The dstat can easily monitor system health and be used for benchmarking and troubleshooting.Dstat allows you to see all of your system resources in real time, for example, by counting the current state of the IDE controller t
Transfer from http://www.xuebuyuan.com/877887.htmlSeptember 07, 2013 ⁄ general ⁄ a total of 4047 characters ⁄ font size small medium big ⁄ comments off Many of the network Service applications on Linux, such as L2TP, PPTP, Telnet, all use pseudo terminal. There are friends who are asking the concept of this, and write down what I know, for discussion.First, the terminalTo understand the pseudo-terminal (P
consequence of increasing the FD_SETSIZE is that everyone is coming slowly. What? All timeout ??!!
3. How does the kernel notify the user of the FD message when copying the kernel/user space memory? On this issue, select adopts the memory copy method.Poll
Basically, the efficiency and select Epoll
1. the most intolerable thing about select is that the FD opened by a process has certain limitations, which are set by FD_SETSIZE. The default value is 2048. For IM servers that need to support ten
Guide
Iwconfig is one of the user layer configuration tools for the Linux Wireless Extensions (LWE). Lwe is a tool for configuring wireless networks under Linux, including kernel support, user-level configuration tools, and driver interface support. Many wireless cards now support lwe, and the mainstream Linux release, such as Redhat
When configuring the network, you must specify the path through which the packet is received for the machine. In Linux, a command Route is provided, which can be used to set a static Route for the NIC configured by the ifconfig command. This setting is usually introduced in/etc/rc. d/rc. inet1 during system boot.
Here are several examples to illustrate how to use the Route command for
The ping command is used to test the connectivity of the network between hosts. Ping (Options)-D: Using the socket's so_debug function;Number of-c;-F: limit detection;-i-i-l-N: Outputs only values;-p-Q: Does not show the instruction execution process, except the relevant information at the beginning and end;-R: Ignore the normal routing Table and send the packet directly to the remote host;-R: Record routin
1. Linux virtual network card-TunThe virtual NIC Driver in Linux can be configured in two modes: point-to-point Tun mode and Ethernet tap mode. In Tun mode, IP datagram is generated from the virtual Nic, that is, layer-3 data, and the Ethernet frame from the virtual Nic In the tap mode, that is, layer-2 link layer data. IP datagram encapsulated in Tun mode can be
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