and scheduling of such threads is done by the kernel because the overhead of such threads is large ( but generally less than the process overhead)3. n:m[maps N User-level threads to M kernel-level threads, requires n>=m, contemporary POSIX threads (that is, the threading model currently used by Linux)]The N:M threading model provides level two control that maps a user thread to a system's scheduler to implement a parallel LWP, which is called a light
**/pthread_key_t key;pthread_once_t Once_control = pthread_once_init;typedef struct tsd{pthread_t tid; char *str;} tsd_t;//thread-specific data destruction functions,//used to destroy the actual data pointed to by each thread void destructor_function (void *value) {free (value); cout Attached-linux/unix thread Private data realization idea:Original link:http://blog.csdn.net/caigen1988/article/details/7901248The main idea of a thread-private dat
>>. BASHRC [[email protected] ~]$ cat. BASHRC # bashrc# Source global definitionsif [-F/ETC/BASHRC];Then. /etc/bashrcfi# User specific aliases and Functionsumask 01776, set/TESTDIR/F1 permissions, so that User1 users can not read and write execution, G1 group can read and write,Set/testdir/dir permissions so that new files automatically have ACL permissions: USER1:RW,G1:---,Backs up ACLs for all files in the/testdir directory, clears all ACL permissions for/testdir, and restores with backup[[em
current system that are not owned by the master or group and have been visited in the last week;In addition, it is necessary to find all files of more than 20k and type ordinary files in/etc directory;find/-nouser-o-nogroup-atime-7find/etc-type f-size +20k8 , Create directory/test/data, let the normal user in a group have write permission to it, and all the files created belong to the group that the directory belongs to, in addition, each user can only delete their own files. [Email protected]~
Summarize the management features of RPM and Yum implementations packages
RPM implementation of package management functionsInstallation:Command format: rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] package_file ...Options:-I.:-V: Show detailed procedure,-VV,-VVV-H:Each RPM package is provided with one or more capabilities--nodeps: Ignore dependency installation--REPLACEPKGS: Reload PackageExample:
Linux OPS Pra
we process 4 times, where one of the instantiated related built-in variables is Gl_invocationid, which represents the call value of the geometry shader request (invocation) Assignment ( Invocation), can also be simply understood as the first few calls, through Gl_invocation to give Gl_viewportindex assignment to which viewport, and Model_matrix is the viewport rendering matrix, So the process of this geometry shader is to set the viewport index first, and then use the viewport's matrix to trans
The previous note mainly introduced the basic knowledge related to time_wait. This article describes how to solve the problem raised by the article title based on practice.
1. view the system network configuration and current TCP statusIt is necessary to understand the default network configuration of the system when locating and handling network problems in applications. Take the x86_64 Linux kernelversion
-references, except LFD and TABtwo. The tar command creates a file for Linux files and directories. With tar, you can create files (backup files) for a specific file, or you can change files in the file or add new files to the file. Tar was originally used to create archives on tape, and now users can create files on any device. With the tar command, you can package a whole bunch of files and directories into a single file, which is useful for backing
, named File2View the contents of the File1 file in a read-only mannerView The first 3 lines of the File1 fileView The following 2 lines of the File1 fileView the contents of the File1 file as a percentage of the pagePaging up and down to view the contents of the File1 fileCreate the following directory structuresh-3.2# tree/ftpserver//ftpserver/├──bin│ ├──register.py│ └──start.py├──conf│ └──settings.py├──core│ └──server.py├──db│ └──user.db├──lib│ └──common.py└──log└──access.log1: Switch t
closed, read returns 0Validation Rule 3) int main () { int pipefd[2]; if (pipe (PIPEFD)! = 0) err_exit ("pipe error"); pid_t pid = fork (); if (PID = =-1) err_exit ("fork Error"); else if (PID = = 0) { close (pipefd[1]); Exit (exit_success); } Close (pipefd[1]); Sleep (2); Char buf[2]; if (read (pipefd[0], buf, sizeof (BUF)) = = 0) cout 4) The write operation generates a signal if the file descriptor corresponding to the read e
:~/bashExport PATHName=user5Useruid= ' Id-u $NAME ' (useruid= ' grep "\Groupgid= ' Id-g $NAME ' (useruid= ' grep "\If [$USERUID-eq $USERGID]; Thenecho "The $NAME is good guy."Elseecho "The $NAME is bad guy."Fi4. Exercise: Write a scriptGiven a user, get their password warning period;And then determine whether the user password period is less than the warning period; Tip: The calculation method, the maximum period of use minus the number of days that have been used is the remaining period of use
First, the actual case (practice) contentIf you study Linux, want to find a portion of Linux related operations, one day you received a company to give the invitation, you came to the company interview, before the interview, OPS supervisor gave you some simple pen questions, the title is as follows:1, the creation of a 10G file system, the type of EXT4, requires
Linux practice engineer study NOTE 4: Manage the disk file system-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Original Author: junger
Mount device name mount point
Mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy
Optical Drive (IDE)/dev/cdrom (/dev/hdx)
Optical Drive (SCSI)/
Practice C-linux general technology-Linux programming and kernel information in Linux. The following is a detailed description. In unbuntu linux, there is no direct compilation tool. C, java, and c ++ all need to download their own packages. Although this command is availabl
I want to practice PHP programs on Linux, environment configuration, which operating system is good? Some say with red hat, I used to own Ubuntu nothing, compile anything need C + + support,
Dude, what kind of Linux do you recommend?
Reply to discussion (solution)
I'm using a centos5.5.Nothing has happened yet.I think this system is good.
Debian
centos6.
Linux inter-process communication (IPC) Programming Practice (9) System V semaphores-A toolset for encapsulating a semaphores operationMain API # include
# Include
# Include
Int semget (key_t key, int nsems, int semflg );Int semctl (int semid, int semnum, int cmd,...); int semop (int semid, struct sembuf * sops, unsigned nsops );
SemgetInt semget (key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);/** Example 1:
==skb->dev)) { if (pt_prev) {Inspired:1. The code above shows a delay in the processing of code skills, although deduction performance, but the implementation of the program to improve the complexity of code is not easy to read;2. Due to the needs of operating system optimization, the Linux implementation must contain many of the above-mentioned code optimization measures, as learners need to have a certain code simplification ability and thinkin
Linux practice engineer study NOTE 2: Common commands for System Management-Linux general technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Original Author: junger
1. useradd redhat
2. passwd redhat
3. su?
4. exit
5. df? H partition status
6. du? Sh/* si
Linux signal Programming Practice (2) signal sending function and reentrant function
In the early UNIX era, the signal was unreliable. It cannot be said that the signal may be lost, but a signal may occur, but the process may never know this.
Currently, Linux calls unreliable signals before the SIGRTMIN real-time signal. The unreliable signal here is mainly beca
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