", newAmrCodec}, // adaptive multi-rate Narrowband Speech Encoding AMR or AMR-NB, currently does not support CRC verification, robust sorting, and interleaving ), for more features, see RFC 4867.{"GSM-EFR", newGsmEfrCodec}, // enhanced GSM full rate voice encoding, also known as GSM-EFR, GSM 06.60 or EFR{NULL, NULL },};
These C ++ implemented Codec are inherited from AudioCodec and implement its set, encode, and decode functions, such:
The encode and decode functions are used for encoding and
not be obtained if only these three features are used for classification. Therefore, you can add features such as size and texture. After adding features, the classification results may be improved. But is there more features, the better?
Figure 1 The performance of a classifier does not increase or decrease as the dimension increases
As shown in figure 1, the performance of a classifier increases with the number of features. After a certain value expires, the performance does not increase or
In recsys, I saw a problem about how to solve the dataset skew. I thought that I had considered this problem before, so I summarized some previous materials.
First, let's talk about the sample skew, also known as the unbalanced dataset. It refers to the large difference in the number of samples of the two classes involved in the classification (or multiple classes. For example, the positive class has 10,000 sample
to prevent data loss.The generated logs are stored in "file: // D:/baseclasses/debug_unicode/buildlog.htm"Baseclasses-5 errors and warningsWhere an error occurs:Typedef void * pvoid;Typedef void * pointer_64 pvoid64;Change:# Define pointer_64 _ ptr64 // GaiTypedef void * pvoid;Typedef void * pointer_64 pvoid64 ;////Error:./wxdebug. cpp (567): Error c4430: The type specifier is missing-it is assumed to be Int. Note: C ++ does not support default intError: static g_dwlastrefresh = 0;Modify: stati
When we mention latency statistics, we must come up with the term "Performance Testing". That's right. In redis's redis_benchmark file, we did use the relevant information in the latency file. The official explanation of this file in redis is as follows:
/* The latency monitor allows to easily observe the sources of latency * in a redis instance using the latency command. different latency * sources are monitored, like disk I/O, execution of commands, fork * system call, and so forth. ** the la
−HW (xi)))This becomes the min (J (w))The process of updating W isW:=w−α∗▽j (W) w:=w−α∗1n∗n∑i=1 (HW (xi) −yi) ∗xi)where α is the step length, until J (W) can no longer stopThe biggest problem with the gradient descent method is that it will fall into the local optimal, and each time we calculate the current sample, cost we need to traverse all the samples to get the cost value, so the calculation speed will be much slower (although the calculation can
http://blog.csdn.net/warmyellow/article/details/5454943Introduction to LDA algorithmA LDA Algorithm Overview:Linear discriminant Analysis (Linear discriminant, LDA), also called Fisher Linear discriminant (Fisher Linear discriminant, FLD), is a classical algorithm for pattern recognition, It was introduced in the field of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence in 1996 by Belhumeur. The basic idea of sexual discriminant analysis is to project the high-dimensional pattern
classification, so that in each round of training focused on the sample will be different, so that the same sample set of different distribution purposes. The updating of the sample weights is based on the weak learner's classification of the samples in the current training set, in particular, to improve the weights of those samples that were incorrectly categorized by the previous round of the weak classi
assumptions and symbol descriptions:
Assume that m samples in a space are x1, x2 ,...... XM indicates that each X is a matrix of N rows, which indicates the number of samples belonging to Class I. Suppose there is a class C, then.
.................................................................................... Class separation and divergence Matrix
......................................................
Let's start at the beginning. The AUC is a standard used to measure the quality of a classification model. There are a number of such criteria, such as the Eminence Standard in machine learning literature about 10 years ago: Classification accuracy, recall and precision commonly used in the field of information retrieval (IR), and so on. In fact, the measure reflects people's pursuit of "good" classification results, the different measures of the same period reflect people's different understand
number of samples of the tracked targets need to be selected for learning and training. This means that training samples will cover the various deformations and variations in scale, posture and illumination that may occur in the tracked target. In other words, the use of detection method to achieve long-time tracking purposes, training samples for the choice of
1. Basic Introduction
K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification algorithm is a theoretically mature method and one of the simplest machine learning algorithms. The idea of this method is: if most of the k most similar samples in the feature space (that is, the most adjacent samples in the feature space) belong to a certain category, the sample also belongs to this category. In KNN algorithm, the selected neig
Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-274.EL5)Root (hd0,0)Kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.el5 ro root=label=/Initrd/boot/initrd-2.6.18-274.el5.img"Save and Exit"8. Restart# shutdown-r "Now"9. View Kernel Compilation results# Uname-r3.2.14-rt24Iii. errors encountered in kernel compilation and solutionsError one, error message at compile timeIn file included From/usr/include/sys/time.h:31,From/usr/include/linux/input.h:12,From samples/hidraw/hid-example.c:14:
rate normalizes the information gain using the split information value. The classification information is similar to info (D) and is defined as follows:(4)This value represents the information generated by dividing the training DataSet D into a V partition corresponding to the V output of the property a test. Information gain rate Definition:(5)Select the attribute with the maximum gain rate as the split attribute.(3) Gini indicatorThe Gini indicator is used in the cart. Gini metric data partit
similar to info (D) and is defined as follows:(4)This value represents the information generated by dividing the training DataSet D into a V partition corresponding to the V output of the property a test. Information gain rate Definition:(5)Select the attribute with the maximum gain rate as the split attribute.(3) Gini indicatorThe Gini indicator is used in the cart. Gini metric data partitioning or training tuple set D's purity, defined as:(6)Here the data set (both discrete values, for contin
, when we connect to the database, we have to first connect to the database and then bind the data. And Superdatagrid is designed specifically for the database, so the cumbersome connection to the database we do not need to write. Need
Superdatagrid to simplify some of the properties of the DataGrid, using this control, we can easily implement the database data display, sorting, modify data, these functions, as long as a few lines of code can be. We are now looking at its use.
A) Display data ta
Naive Bayes:Here are a few places to note:1. If the given eigenvector length may be different, this is the need to normalized to the length of the vector (here is the text classification for example), such as sentence words, the length is the length of the whole vocabulary, the corresponding position is the number of occurrences of the word.2. The calculation formula is as follows:One of the conditional probabilities can be independently unfolded by naive Bayesian conditions. One thing to pay at
Patfilter ideal position, namely anchor position's certain range, looks for a synthesis matching and the deformation optimal position. The offset vector, which is the offset vector, is the cost weight of the offset. For example, it is the most common Euclidean distance. This step is called the distance transform, which is the transformed response in. This part of the main procedures are train.m, FEATPYRAMID.M, dt.cc.3. Training 3.1 + Example learning (multiple-instance learning) 3.1.1 MI-SVMGen
introduced, an adjustment parameter is also required. The parameter size is generally obtained through cross-validation. If the rule item is twice, it is also called Ridge Regression. If the rule item is once, it is called lasso regression. Ridge Regression has the advantage of stable solution and allows the number of parameters to be greater than the number of samples. Lasson regression has the advantage of sparse solution, but the solution is not n
Origin of 1,t test and F-Test
In general, in order to determine the probability of making a mistake from the statistical results of samples (sample), we use statistical methods developed by statisticians to perform statistical verification.
By comparing the obtained statistical calibration values with the probability distributions of some random variables established by statisticians (probability distribution), we can see how much of the chance will
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