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independent events with no order For example 1:flip coins, toss 4 times, ask 2 times for positive probability. All possible permutations of probability are 2x2x2x2, the number of events that meet the requirements can be listed, but if the number of times to throw more, is impossible, a different way of thinking. These 2 heads are placed in 4 positions, and there are a number of mid-release methods. Assuming

Suppose you have a text file with several rows in the file. Requires a random row to be returned. The selected probabilities are the same for each row. Two cases: 1, if the file is large, can not be fully put into memory 2, if the file flow Large file features are not loaded into memory random read, file flow is characterized by only one read. pseudocode i = 1 chosen_line = "" While lines has next: # Random Returns a uniform random number in [0,1) if Random () similar to the rand

PHP winning probability algorithm, can be used for scraping cards, large turntable, such as lottery algorithm. The usage is very simple, the code has the detailed annotation explanation, at a glance can understand --> $proCur) {$randNum = Mt_rand (1, $proSum); if ($randNum

In the previous section, we introduced the probability calculation of hidden Markov, and in this section, we introduce the problem of hidden Markov learning. Before we introduce the learning problem, let's use Python to implement several important concepts. Note that the following code is based on the original formula in the Hangyuan Li Statistical learning method. The formula here does not take the logarithm. So if you generate more than 300 of the

This article mainly analyzes the probability of a Python bullfighting game step by step and calculates the probability of a bullfighting game. Interested friends can refer to those coming home from the next year to gather together with friends and family, mahjong, landlords, and bullfights are often used at meetings. In these games, bullfighting is the most popular because it can be played by many people wi

1. A simple probability question X-Dragon is an interesting neutral creature in the legend of hearth stone. It cannot be a target of spells or hero skills. It has 2 blood and has good viability. The mage has a spell card for the Oracle missile, which is randomly causing damage, so it can cause damage to the X-dragon. So there is an interesting question: What is the probability that an Austrian missile will

Learning notes TF009: logarithm probability regression, learning notes tf009 The logistic function, also known as the sigmoid function, is a probability distribution function. Given a specific input, calculate the probability of output "success" and the probability of "Yes" to the reply question. Accept a single input.

We first completed the background PHP process, the main work of PHP is responsible for the allocation of prizes and the corresponding probability of winning, the current page click to flip a block will want to background PHP to send AJAX requests, then the background PHP based on the probability of configuration, through the probability algorithm to give the winn

This is a little bit of understanding about the probability of re-learning after N years of graduation. It takes a lot of time and tragedy to return to school... Therefore, students should hurry up at school to consolidate their foundations. ArticleThe content is manually typed by yourself. It is a little bit of Study Notes (too lazy to write). It is not necessarily correct. You are welcome to discuss it. If there is anything wrong, please point it

The last time the "Java" produced a different random number in a certain range (click the open link) explained how to generate random numbers, and then said how to produce a certain range of different random numbers, but these are equal probabilities to produce random problems. Equal probability under normal circumstances, more should be said to be sufficient in the academic, but in real life, especially in the game must now play yellow gambling poiso

Activation Time Limit: 20000/10000 MS (Java/others) memory limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)Total submission (s): 520 accepted submission (s): 179 Problem descriptionafter 4 years 'waiting, the game "Chinese Paladin 5" finally comes out. tomato is a crazy fan, and luckily he got the first release. now he is at home, ready to begin his journey. But before starting the game, he must first activate the product on the official site. there are too when passionate fans that the activation server can

If you want to use C ++ to generate a random number between 0--n-1, what would you do? You may say that it is very simple. See: Srand (unsigned) Time (null ));Rand () % N; Think about it, is the result random (of course, we do not consider the pseudo-randomness of the Rand () function )? No, because the upper limit of rand () is rand_max. Generally, rand_max is not an integer multiple of n. If rand_max % = r, the probability of a value between 0 and R

Unordered Independent Events Example 1:Flip coins, throwing four times, returns the probability that two times are positive. The probability of all possible arrangements is 2 × 2 × 2 × 2. The number of events that meet the requirements can be listed. However, if the number of throwing events is large, it is impossible. The two sides are placed in four positions. Assume that one is Ha, the other is Hb, and H

to, to give a simple particle;A. If a class of mathematics results x (for simplicity, here is assumed that the sample has only one component) from passing 60 to 100 divided into 4 equal intervals of the small window, because X is a one-dimensional vector, will be divided into 4 1 square equals 4 bin, the volume of each bin is recorded as V;B. Statistically, count the number of samples that fall into each bin Ni (which we call a frequency);C. Suppose that there are 60 students in this class, but

D. Bag Of MiceThe Dragon and the princess is arguing about-what-does on the New year's Eve. The dragon suggests flying to the mountains to watch fairies dancing in the Moonlight and while the Princess thinks they shou LD just go to bed early. They is desperate to come to a amicable agreement, so they decide to leave the to chance. they take turns drawing a mouse from a bag Which initially Contains w white and b black mice. The person was the first to draw a white mouse wins. After all mouse

Question: Give you m, t, n, representing t team, do m questions, for all teams, all do one or more questions, and at least one team has the probability of doing n questions. Practice: P [I] [j] indicates the probability that the I-th team will answer the j-th question. Dp [I] [j] [k] represents the I-th team, and the probability that the first j questions will ha

SGU495 Kids and Prizes probability DP, expected Formula Question After this question is first entered, there is no place to submit it. The first SGU question can only be submitted on HUSTOJ. There are n boxes in which there are gifts. m people, each person takes them. After they take the gift, they take it out and put it back, hoping to select the number of gifts. In fact, at the beginning, we assume that the equation dp [I] is the

After I first entered this question, I had no place to submit it. for the first time I did the SGU question, I had to submit n boxes on HUSTOJ, which contained gifts. m people, each person took them, after the gift is obtained, the box is put back. The expectation of choosing the number of gifts is assumed that the equation dp [I] is the probability that the first person will receive the gift, however, the state transition equation does not know what

Hash is a sharp knife, processing a huge amount of data often used, we may often use hash, but some of the characteristics of the hash you have thought about, understand. We can use our knowledge of probabilities and expectations to analyze some interesting questions in the hash, such as: The average number of items on each bucket Average number of lookups Average number of conflicts Average number of empty barrels Expect the number of items that have at least one item p

SGU495 Kids and Prizes probability DP, expected formula, sgu495prizes Question After this question is first entered, there is no place to submit it. The first SGU question can only be submitted on HUSTOJ. There are n boxes in which there are gifts. m people, each person takes them. After they take the gift, they take it out and put it back, hoping to select the number of gifts. In fact, at the beginning, we assume that the equation dp [I] is the