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Linux under Logical address-linear address-Physical address plot (GO)

the paging management mechanism is in effect, and if pg=1, the paging mechanism takes effect, a page table lookup is required to convert the linear address to the physical address. If pg=0, the paging mechanism is not valid, and the linear address is directly the physical address.The rationale for paging is to divide the memory into units of fixed size, each of which is called a page, and each page contains a 4k byte address space (for simplified ana

Linux kernel memory allocation (three, virtual memory management)

driver module, which returns the virtual address of a continuous (in fact, this is also questionable, because the above Vmalloc virtual address area has a 4k split address, if the Vmalloc assigned virtual address is large, then the middle of a 4kb split address? ), but there is no guarantee that the mapped physical address is contiguous. It mainly on the above Vmalloc_start to vmalloc_end this memory operation, the return of the virtual address is th

Linux memory fundamentals and related tuning scenarios

-bit system that describes the memory access process:Every process on a 32-bit system accesses memory, each process as if its own 4 g of memory space is available, called Virtual memory (address), virtual memory into physical memory is done through the MMU. In order to be able to convert from a linear address to a physical address, the memory space of the page table is required, and the page table is loaded into the MMU. In order to complete the mapping of the linear address to the physical addr

. NET Trap VI: Talking about a lot of space consumption from the persistence of enumeration values

I haven't written a blog for a long time, so I'll continue today.The content we shared with you this time is due to the serialization of a list of enumerated values, and the following simplified code can be reproduced. For the sake of clarity, I explicitly specified the underlying type of the enumeration.//defines an enumeration type. Public enumSomeenum:int{First, Second, third, ...}//the code that reproduces the problem. varList =NewList(); for(inti =0; I +; ++i) {list. ADD ((someenum) (I%3)

Nginx gzip module Enable and configure instructions _nginx

files. We can use the reverse proxy function of Nginx to keep only gz files.# can Google "Nginx gzip_static" to learn more Gzip_comp_level 4# Default value: 1 (recommended option is 4)# gzip Compression ratio/compression level, compression level 1-9, the higher the level of compression, of course, the longer the compression time (faster transmission but more CPU consumption). Gzip_buffers 4 16k# Default value: Gzip_buffers 4 4k/8k# Set the system t

Introduction to Algorithmic learning using C language to achieve the basic sorting algorithm _c language

one bit to the right. (Small elements at the end of the team, called the Rabbit (rabbit) element, they can be exchanged quickly to the head of the team.) ) Hill sort is to compare and exchange elements at greater intervals so that large elements can move more than one position to the right in exchange for faster movement of turtle elements. For example, you can divide an array into 4 sub arrays (i=4k, i=4k

Graphic SSD Correct use method

whether the motherboard support the new SATA3.0 interface. In addition, in the BIOS setup, the hard drive AHCI mode will be turned on, and only in this mode can the SSD performance be better played. How do I turn on AHCI mode? The specific method is shown in the following figure.   Two, 4K alignment and correct formatting and partitioning 4K alignment is also an important optimi

Linux memory layout, memory allocation principle __linux

? The memory allocated by malloc is a virtual address space 1.VSZ does not grow after every malloc, because the remaining space in the top of the heap can be reused, so the malloc is very lightweight and fast. 2. If the vsz changes, the basic is equivalent to the amount of allocated memory, because VSZ is the total size of the virtual address space. 3.RSS of small increments, because the malloc allocated memory does not immediately allocate the actual storage space, only the first use, foun

Linux memory management and its basic concepts __linux

data exchange when needed. Systems that use this technology make it easier to write large programs and use real physical memory (such as RAM) more efficiently than systems that do not use virtual memory technology. (2) Physical memory: The actual memory. The physical address is divided into discrete units that become pages (page). Most systems currently have a page size of 4k. 1.3 Address Translation Linux uses a Segment-page management mechanism wit

Improve chapter: Linux (with answers) __linux

elements, find its value into 1, and according to the index of this element in mem_map[] is worth to the address of the physical page, and then the physical page of the 4K byte clear Zero, and finally return the physical address. 2, Free_page (): Releases the physical page at the specified physical address. After verifying the validity of this address, it translates the corresponding page address according to it: (addr-1m)/

Compilation tutorial: segmented management mechanism

a bit of granularity and is marked with a symbol G. G=0 represents the segment bounds in byte-bit units, so the 20-bit bounds can be expressed as a range of 1 bytes to 1M bytes, with an increment of 1 bytes; The g=1 represents the segment bounds in 4 K bytes, so the 20-bit bounds can be expressed in the range of 4K bytes to 4G bytes, and the increment is 4K bytes. When the segment boundary is in 4 K bytes,

Forward forecast: 21st century will produce eight future technology series one _ future technology

your device. "When you say, ' OK, Google, ' then the phone will react in part, and the cloud will respond in part," Talluri explains. You don't know where the whole process is going, in the equipment, or in the clouds ... and the whole switching process is so seamless. ” 4.4K video format becomes mainstream When the screen resolution reaches 4K, such resolution has reached the point where the brain cannot notice pixels. Similarly, when the screen res

TCP Connection Basics (i)

the sending side is sent at a faster rate, the receiver receives the data after the processing is slow, and the size of the receive buffer is fixed, the data is lost. The TCP protocol solves this problem through a "sliding window (Slidingwindow)" mechanism. Look at the communication process in the diagram below. 1. Send side initiates the connection, declares the maximum segment size is 1460, the initial sequence number is 0, the window size is 4K,

Memory Management: Physical Address Extension (PAE) paging mechanism

table item size is 64, the original 4K size of the page table can only contain 512 table items, which takes up 9 bits in a bit-linear address, in the same way, because the page catalog item has the same structure as the page table entry, the higher-level page catalog table can contain only 512 page table items, which also occupies 9 bits in a 32-bit linear address, at which point the remaining digits of the linear address are: 32 bits (total number o

Configuring Nginx for load Balancing and HTTPS

, generally a request header size will not exceed 1k, but because the general system paging is greater than 1k, so this is set to paging size. #分页大小可以用命令getconf PAGESIZE obtained. #[root@web001 ~]# getconf PAGESIZE #4096 #但也有client_header_buffer_size超过4k的情况, but client_header_buffer_size the value must be set to "system Integer multiple of the system paging size. Client_header_buffer_size 4k;

The Nyquist theorem and the re-understanding of Shannon's theorem

ratio of 127:1, and the maximum data rate can be achieved: A. 28000b/sB. 8000b/sC. 4000b/sD. can be infinitely large Analysis: See the signal-to-noise ratio, immediately get started can be calculated: Rate = 4KLOG2 (1+127) =4k⋅7=28kbps=28000b/s 4klog_2 (1+127) = 4k\cdot 7 = 28kbps = 28000b/s Do not rush to choose, to want to binary signal means that the direct use of a code is 2 states, that is, V = 2 o'cl

malloc implementation of the Lnux kernel (Oracle's cache buffer shadow)

malloc implementation of the Lnux kernel (Oracle's cache buffer shadow)This article original for freas_1990, reprint please indicate source: http://blog.csdn.net/freas_1990/article/details/12845059This article introduces the principle of malloc, and students interested in mm (or interested in Oracle internal implementations) can find content of interest in this article.Malloc is mainly supported by two structures.struct Bucket_desc {/* bytes */void *page; struct bucket_desc *next; void *free

Linux_inode and Block

environment does not change requirementsHow do I query Inode and block usage?Df-i # Querying the I and the remaining I for each partition already usedDf-h # Query partition block usageInode Summary: After the disk partition is formatted as a etx4 file system, a certain number of inode and block Inode holds file property information and pointers to file entities EXT3/EXT4 file system block storage file actual data The inode representation is a string of numb

Operating system chapter-Analysis of paging mechanism

Intel processors, it cannot be shut down at any time. So even if the page management feature is enabled, the staging mechanism still works, and the segment part still works.  Second, page table structureSo how does the paging mechanism work? The paging mechanism can be turned on by setting the PG bit of the CR0 . The page size is 4K and is 4K aligned. When a linear address is converted to a physical addres

Wage-related problems in Guangzhou

Salary problem in Guangzhou Guangzhou PHP 4K One year experience is not too high? Guangzhou PHP 6K two years experience? Guangzhou PHP 6K is not the end of the. I would like to know the market in Guangzhou. I 0.8K one months. Sweat... ------Solution-------------------- Dizzy, the man who was squeezed! ------Solution-------------------- Find a regular company At least 2K or more ------Solution-------------------- 800. It's really sweat, sorry for m

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