{
perror ("fork");
}
The modified parent process writes one character to the pipe each time and prints the number of bytes already written. When the program stops, the results displayed on the Linux2.6.27 are:
Write pipe 65536, total 65536
As you can see, the buffer size of the pipe is now 64KB. The same program appears in MACOSX as:
Write pipe 16384, total 16384
You can see that the pipe default buffer size for MacOSX is 16KB.
Given the size of the pipe default buffer, it is nat
of solutions:
NETAPP a-sis and EMC Celerra either adopt "Data de-duplication light" or single instance technology with embedded storage arrays;
The offline data streamlining scheme for host management, such as Ocarina Networks;
On-line data compression equipment from storwize;
Unlike some backup data reduction schemes, these three methods use lossless data compression algorithms, which means that byte reassembly can be done frequently from a mathematical standpoint.
These methods have thei
disk, is the data block. Third, the data block is the size, when a database is established, the parameters are set. Note that in Oracle database parameters, only the data block size parameters are not modified after the library is built. the size of the data block, in a database can support multiple, but generally not much significance, will give management and debugging a certain burden. the size of the data block is an integer multiple of the operating system's data block, and Oracle defaults
adjusting the kernel parameters of the system, ignoring the setting of the Shmall parameter. This value is recommended to be set to the physical memory size divided by the paging size.# getconf Page_sizeThe size of the paging is obtained by getconf, which is used to calculate the reasonable setting value of the Shmall:Sql> select 32*1024*1024*1024/4096 from dual;32*1024*1024*1024/4096----------------------8388608For 32G of memory, the 4K paging-size
or file, and also displays the sum of all directories or files-K: Display information in kilobytes-M: Display information in megabytes-H: Display information in the appropriate units-S: Lists only the values of the sumExample:Why DU/ETC/PASSWD display 4K, while ls-l view only 0.8KB?This is the problem of setting block size, the default block size is 4K, so less than 4K
files generally greater than 16K) easy to waste disk space, too small to improve disk I/O performance.Block general size is 1k,2k,4k, boot partition is 1 k, normal partition is 4K (CentOS 6 series)Disk space depends on the inode and block two items, and any one is full and the disk is full.EXT3/EXT4 file system, a file is created to occupy at least one inode and one block, and the inode for different files
files generally greater than 16K) easy to waste disk space, too small to improve disk I/O performance.Block general size is 1k,2k,4k, boot partition is 1 k, normal partition is 4K (CentOS 6 series)Disk space depends on the inode and block two items, and any one is full and the disk is full.EXT3/EXT4 file system, a file is created to occupy at least one inode and one block, and the inode for different files
. Consider if a user can belong to more than one user group at a time? If so, how do you add a user to another group? How do I join multiple groups at once?Can belong to multiple user groups at the same time, usermod-g GROUP1,GROUP2,GROUP3 usernameSixth chapter1. Please check the information to understand these terms:/dev/hda,/dev/hdb,/DEV/SDA,/dev/sdb, what is the difference between them?/dev/hda,/dev/hdb is a block file for the IDE interface hard disk. /dev/hda represents the first IDE disk, a
hack_pthread_create hack_pthread_create.cWe can use the command strace to track the thread's creation process:$strace ./hack_pthread_createThe output of the relevant part of the interface pthread_create is as follows :Mmap (NULL, 8392704, prot_read| Prot_write, map_private| map_anonymous| Map_stack,-1, 0) = 0x7f70b6c2f000brk (0) = 0x1fe3000brk (0x2004000) = 0x2004000mprotect (0x7f70b6c2f000, 4096, Prot_none) = 0clone (child_stack=0x7f70
file.F-Normal file.9. Search by File Size:-size [+/-]100[c/k/m/g]: Represents a file with a length equal to [greater than/less than] 100 blocks [byte/k/m/g].-empty: Find empty files.Find. -size +4k-exec ls-l {} \; #查找文件大小大于4k的文件, print out the details of the found file at the same timeFind. -size-4k-exec ls-l {} \; #查找文件大小小于
. Finally, with a hybrid design pc, you can still have a full version of the system as it is now.
2. Solve screen resolution scaling problem
In 2014, PCs with 2K-resolution screens had become mainstream, while manufacturers such as Dell and Asus had launched 4K displays, and Lenovo and Toshiba were also planning to launch 4K-resolution laptops. Although the precision of the
This experience is CentOSrelease6.7 (Final), such as the lack of knowledge welcome criticism.Knowledge about the Inode and block of Linux:1> Linux system partition format file system, the system will be divided into inode and block two parts:1) The inode is the system file's attribute information (the result of ls-l) and pointer to the file entity, but does not store the file name, usually in the upper directory block.2) block for storing data, EXT3/EXT4 General is 1k,2k,
of 20k, its basic storage unit is a cluster, with two files, a 7k, a 1k. When the cluster size is 4k, the disk is divided into 5 clusters, two files Occupy 3 clusters, that is, the use of 12k, which wasted space is 4k, that is, the creation of internal fragments 4k. So we know that internal fragmentation is primarily a waste of disk space. Note that the fragment
This experience is CentOSrelease6.7 (Final), such as the lack of knowledge welcome criticism.Knowledge about the Inode and block of Linux:1> Linux system partition format file system, the system will be divided into inode and block two parts:1) The inode is the system file's attribute information (the result of ls-l) and pointer to the file entity, but does not store the file name, usually in the upper directory block.2) block for storing data, EXT3/EXT4 General is 1k,2k,
Du = = Disk usage (disk usage, disk space occupied)
ls = = = Apparent sizes (file length, file length field defined in the Files data structure)
The amount of disk space a file occupies and the size of a file is a different situation. The footprint depends on the size of the file system block, Linux generally defaults to 4k (4096), so a file size of 1 bytes, the smallest to occupy 4k, if you create a filesy
transfer the large file.And there is a situation is if the small files are less than 4k, a file 4k,10000 is 40000k 40MAnd packaging, you will add less than 4k of files, so the average size of each file will be reduced, the total packaged data will be less than 40MTAR-CVF File/directory to be packaged after the file name is packagedc = CreateV indicates visualF i
1. Ls-lsh2. Du-sh
Du = = Disk usage (disk usage, disk space occupied)The amount of disk space a file occupies and the size of a file is a different situation. The footprint depends on the size of the file system block (block), Linux is generally the default is 4k (4096), so a size of 1 bytes of files, the smallest also takes up 4k, if you create a file system when the block size is 16K, then even if a
, and the inode default size in the CENTOS6 series is 256 bytes.? In addition to storing the file's attribute information, the Inode also holds pointers to the data blocks that are executed? Block is used to hold the actual data, the common block size is 4K, its boot partition is 1 k, the other normal partition is 4K.? The inode does not contain a file name because the file name does not belong to the prope
Drive 4K Alignment:A file 1K also takes up 4K of space.NTFS format is 4K is a cluster, the original hard disk sector is 512 bytes, in order to align the NTFS cluster, the hard disk format into 4 bytes per sector.After the installation is complete:Shutting down the firewallClose Update updates and Action Center iconsClose user Account Control settings (the shield
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