features openness and SPF algorithm.
"Intermediate System-intermediate system" Protocol (ISIS)
The ISIS protocol is also a link-based routing protocol. This protocol was proposed by ISO and was initially used in the OSI network environment and then modified to be able to run in a dual environment. Similar to OSPF, this protocol can be used as an internal gateway protocol for large-scale IP networks.
Edge Gateway Protocol (BGP4)
BGP is an Inter-Domain
in the rman database to the expired status.
Delete noprompt expired backup; # delete all records marked as expired in the rman database without prompting
Crosscheck archivelog all; # verify all archive records in the rman database. If the archive does not exist on the physical device, update the archive records marked as expired in the rman database.
Delete noprompt expired archivelog all; # delete all the archive records marked as expired in the rman database without prompting
Backup increment
The BGP protocol is a strategic Routing Protocol. Its complexity is not due to the complexity of routing algorithms. The most important thing is to use BGP to control the routing flow.
Any routing protocol must first solve the loop problem. OSPFISIS uses the SPF algorithm to solve the problem. The OSPF algorithm is novel and a Diffusion algorithm, therefore, BGP uses a lot of small means in the design to focus on designing diverse control attributes.
Ospf Is-Is transmits the LSA information because of the Link Status Protocol, after each router synchronizes the LSA, Each router runs the SPF algorithm based on the database information to obtain the route table information. Route information is not directly transmitted in the inbound and outbound directions of the interface, however, similar distance vector protocols of LSA may be affected, so the external routes of Class 5 will be changed by distr
Link-State Database ). The router has the link status information of all the routers in the region, which means that it understands the topology of the entire network. The OSPF router uses the Shortest Path First, SPF algorithm to calculate the route to any destination independently.
2. Region
The OSPF Routing Protocol introduces the concept of "hierarchical routing", which divides the network into a group of independent parts connected by a "trunk,
State routing protocol is based on the Dijkstra algorithm, which is very famous in graph theory, shortest Path First, SPF) algorithm, such as OSPF. In the distance vector routing protocol, routers transmit some or all route tables to their adjacent routers. In the link status routing protocol, the router transmits the link status information to all routers in the same region. Based on the position of the router in the autonomous system AS), the routi
inaccessible. In addition, the route information broadcast once every 30 s by RIP is also one of the important reasons for the network broadcast storm.
OSPF Routing Protocol
In the middle of 1980s, RIP was unable to adapt to the interconnection of large-scale heterogeneous networks, resulting in the generation of 0 SPF. It is a routing protocol developed for the IP network by the Internal Gateway Protocol Working Group of IETF.
0SPF is a link-based
OSPF Router ProtocolIGP protocol Link Status Protocol OSPF region structure problems in large OSPF networks the Shortest Path priority (SPF) algorithm frequently computes the route table large link status database (LSDB) the computing frequency of OSPFSPF after a large division is lower. The route table is smaller, which reduces the link state Update (LSU) overhead. In the backbone area, the conventional area is divided into OSPF areas. Cisco recommen
Indextype 4 Standard 167 DROP OPERATOR 4 standard 168 ASSOCIATE STATISTICS 4 Standard 169 Disassociate STATISTICS 4 standard, call METHOD 4 Standard 171 CREATE SUMMARY 4 Standard 172 ALTER SUMM ARY 4 Standard 173 DROP SUMMARY 4 Standard 174 C Reate DIMENSION 4 Standard 175 ALTER DIMENSION 4 Standard 176 DROP DIMENSION 4 Standard 177 CREATE CONTEXT 4 Standard 178 DROP CONTEXT 4 Standard 179 ALTER OUTLIN
broad routing protocols. belong to the internal Gateway routing protocol, can adapt to various scales of network environment, is a typical chainThe road State (link-state) protocol.The OSPF routing protocol spreads the link state information of the device to the whole network, so that each device in the net synchronizes aA database (LSDB) with a full network link state, then the router uses an SPF algorithm that takes its own root and calculates theT
?The pan domain name resolution is: *. domain name resolves to the same IP.Domain Name resolution is: sub-domain name. the domain name resolves to the same IP.Note: A generic domain name makes sense only when the user's space is an independent IP. The domain name resolution does not have this requirement.The above content is the domain name resolution and the domain name pan-analytic difference, hoped for the domain name resolution and the domain name pan-analytic friend to be able to help you!H
One, multicast address and protocol numberMulticast address: 224.0.0.5 (all OSPF router) and 224.0.0.6 (all DR router)Protocol number: IP Protocol No. 89thIi. Types of LSA
Router LSA: Each router sends a Class 1 LSA that contains the details of the link and status
Network LSA:DR, including all routers and subnet masks on the link
Network Rollup LSA: Routing information between regions generated by the ABR
ASBR rollup LSA: route to abbr generated by ABR
As external LSA: e
X, and all items of the message are modified (distance d+1, the next hop is changed to X), and each item is treated as follows:
If there is no destination network N in the source route, add the item to the routing table
If there is a destination network n, view the next hop router, if x, replace the routing table directly
If there is a destination network N, the next hop router is not X, then the distance is compared, if the small is updated, the reverse is discarded
8.3 I
algorithm (SPF) proposed by Dijkstra, which is to send information to all routers in this autonomous system, the method used here is Fan Hong method. The information sent is the link state of many routers adjacent to this router, but this is only part of the information that the router knows. The router uses Van HONGFA to send this message to all routers only when the link state changes. OSPF does not generate routing loops, is not limited by the way
have 1 contain confidential information, every 50 copies of files transmitted over the network, 1 contain confidential information, the frequent occurrence of network spy events on the mail system this aspect of the ability to put forward a high demand. U-mail mail system has a variety of measures to prevent:1. "Outbreak protection", Bayesian algorithm, SpamAssassin content filtering, blacklist and gray list mechanism, reverse analysis, reverse scattering,
-networking (minimum spanning tree, Prim,kruskal)poj1258-agri-net (minimum spanning tree, prim)poj1861-network (minimum spanning tree, Kruskal)poj2485-highways (minimum spanning tree, prim)Poj3522-slim Span (minimum spanning tree deformation, Kruskal)poj3625-building Roads (there are already some edges of the smallest spanning tree, Kruskal)poj3026-borg Maze (Bfs+prim minimum spanning tree)Poj1635-subway Tree Systems (judging whether the two trees are the same)poj1679-the Unique MST (whether the
corresponding modification and recalculates the route, it can continue to work normally.
Because the document "Open Shortest Path Priority Protocol" must be published, it is "Open" (Open), and because it uses "Shortest Path priority" (SPF) algorithm to calculate the shortest path between one node and all other nodes, so it is named OSPF. OSPF supports multiple measurement standards, multiple paths, and many other advantages. Therefore, it has beco
Equipment"Three-layer Switch 1 unitsRouter 2 unitsCrossover line or straight wire 3 strips"Pre-knowledge"Router basic configuration knowledge, OSPF"Experimental principle"OSPF (Open Shortest Path first, open Shortest Path Priority) protocol, is currently the most widely used networkOne of the broad routing protocols. belong to the internal Gateway routing protocol, can adapt to various scales of network environment, is a typical chainThe road State (link-state) protocol.The OSPF routing protoco
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