network protocols

The previous article analyzed the overall concept of the Internet, from bottom to bottom, and the design philosophy of each layer of protocol.This is a question from the designer's perspective. Today I want to switch to the user's perspective to see how users interact with these protocols from top to bottom. ========================================================== ================================= Getting started with Internet

We have summarized and summarized the types of routing protocols in previous articles. Now we will analyze the two protocols in detail. One is the IGRP Gateway Routing Protocol and the other is the OSPF protocol. These two protocols, however, can be thought of from the name above. IGRP The Internal Gateway Routing Protocol Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, IGRP)

VoIP intercom systems, the qutecom software interface is as follows: Ii. Official qutecom website Qutecom open source Official Website: http://www.qutecom.org/ As follows: Iii. Introduction to sip and RTP protocols 3.1 sip Overview SIP is an application control (signaling) protocol proposed by IETF [1]. As the name implies, it is used to initiate a session. It can be used to create, modify, and end multimedia session processes a

First, Web applications　　A Web application is an application that can be accessed through the web;The biggest benefit of the program is that the user has easy access to the application, and the user needs only a browser and no additional software to install.There are two modes of application: C/S,/b.1, c/S is a client/server-side program, which means that such programs generally run independently.2, b/S is browser-side/server-side applications, such applications generally with the help of Google

Send () methodProperty: ReadyState: A state indicating whether the request was successfulServer snooping and requestsConstruction and testing of the environment1: Download XAMPP Integration Server database and PHP Server Software//self-Baidu download2:dreamwear establish a site and establish a local server selection Php/mysql PHP files need to be placed under the htpdos/folder in the XAMPP installati

When using X and S locks to lock data objects, some rules need to be agreed, such as when to apply for an X lock or S lock, hold the lock time, and when to release. Called these rules for the blockade agreement (locking Protocol). The different rules governing the blockade form a variety of blockade agreements. Different blocking protocols provide certain guarantee for the correct dispatch of concurrent operation to different extent. 一、一级 Blockade Pr

Although the structure and principles of a wireless network are roughly the same as those of a wired network, there is still a big difference between the wireless Internet and the wired Internet in terms of terminal devices and network performance. Compared with wired networks, wireless data networks have many disadvantages, such as limited bandwidth, high latenc

With the development of the routing industry, both the router technology and the routing protocol are constantly improved, making the routing technology more standardized, the previous lecture on VPN routing and forwarding focuses on configuring and verifying VRF (VPN route forwarding. In the above circumstances, users must be isolated from a shared device. In that article, I did not define the communication mode between each user outside the shared interface, such as Static Routing Protocol or

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Author: vamei Source: http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei welcome reprint, please also keep this statement. Thank you! Network Layer)It is the most important layer to implement the internet. At the network layer, each LAN is connected to each other based on the IP protocol and eventually forms a global Internet. Higher-level protocols, whether TCP or UDP, must pass

A network protocol is a collection of rules, standards, or conventions that are established for data exchange in a computer network. It specifies the format in which information must be used in communication and the meaning of these formats. Most networks have a layered architecture, each layered on top of it, providing some service to its upper layer, and masking the details of how to implement the service

The L3 address types in ARP packets include unicast, broadcast, and multicast, which are stored in the neighbor structure (neigh-> type ), you can use inet_addr_type to determine the address type. ARP processes each type: unicast, which is a common solication request for ARP resolution. Broadcast: arp maps L3 broadcast addresses to L2 broadcast addresses related to specific devices. Multicast: ARP uses the arp_mc_map function to export L2 multicast addresses from L3 multicast addresses. ARP does

main function is to exchange network accessibility information with other BGP systems. BGP is an external Gateway Routing Information Protocol that enables non-loop exchange of routing information between autonomous systems. Based on classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), BGP has been developed to support aggregation and reduction of routing information. Summary This chapter describes the basic principles of IP routing and some basic knowledge of rou

Among our commonly used devices, one is a router and the other is a switch. These two types of devices are all important for network management. So today we will give a brief introduction to the relevant content of the IP switch. These include GSMP and IFMP. To master the GSMP and IFMP protocols, we need to understand the concept of IP exchange. Next, let's take a look at the basic concepts of IP exchange.

(1) Common P2P protocols 1. Napster: the world's first large-scale P2P application network; centralized and collapsed. Napster, a popular sharing service at the time, is mainly used to find MP3 files. It has a server used to store the link location of MP3 files and provide retrieval, while the real MP3 files are stored in On thousands of PCs, files searched for are directly shared among PCs through P2P. The

Many of you know about the dynamic routing protocol. It also includes vector routing protocol and link status routing protocol. I don't know whether you have mastered these two features. Now let's take a closer look. Dynamic Routing Dynamic Routing Protocols include distance vector routing protocol and Link State Routing Protocol. These two protocols have their own characteristics and are described as follo

The dynamic routing protocol is also an important part of the routing protocol. Many people may not know the detailed knowledge of RIP, OSPF, and VPN in the dynamic routing protocol, after reading this article, you must have gained a lot. I hope this article will teach you more things. We have already briefly introduced three types of Dynamic Routing Protocol algorithms: Distance Vector Algorithm, link state algorithm, and balanced hybrid algorithm. Let's take a look at the types of these algori