as error information, time, ECHO, and network information.
The data of the ICMP protocol is located in the data part of the IP field, which is transmitted inside the IP packet.
Shows the data format of ICMP packets:
The ICMP message type is determined by the type and code fields.4. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Based on the original IP
IOS-how to use Apple's zero-configuration Network Protocol Bonjour ?, Ios-bonjour1. preface in this period, a Test of the zero-configuration Network Protocol Bonjour launched by Apple was designed to address the offline network demand of the company's apps, mainly to solve t
optional service type (minimum delay, maximum throughput, maximum reliability, lowest cost), and one always 0;
Flag bit: Used to identify the shard relationship of each IP packet for fragmentation and reassembly of packets;
TTL (time to Live) refers to the maximum number of times a packet is forwarded over the network, and if the number is exceeded, the packet is discarded
8-bit
[Network layer] Analysis Network Layer-Internet Control Packet Protocol ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 1) Message format: the ICMP packet is encapsulated into the data part of the IP packet, and the data part of the ICMP packet is the first eight bytes (IP address and port number) of the IP header and data pa
Linux Network Programming 5-use UDP protocol for group chat and network programming udpIntroduction
The functions implemented in this article are similar to what I wrote earlier (select System Call _ 2 in Linux). The difference is that the communication methods between processes are different. In the previous article, I used pipelines. In this article, I will use
After queuing the data packet priority, the link layer extracts the data packet to be sent from the header of the queue with the highest priority, and transmits it to the data sending function of the NIC Driver, generally, the name is xxx_hard_xmit (). Because of the different hardware, the writing method varies, and a standard writing method cannot be abstracted, but its process and purpose remain unchanged, the image can be extracted. The general process is as follows:
1. determine whether the
protocol, the IP protocol (Internet Protocol). In addition to the ability to complete routing, the network interconnect layer can also accomplish the tasks of interconnecting different types of networks (heterogeneous networks). In addition, the network interconnect layer a
The IMAP protocol service is widely used in the network. This is a set of protocols for the mailbox system, which is used by many people. We also use POP3 and WebMail. These protocols have similar functions. What are the specific differences? First, let's take a look at the concept of IMAP. IMAP is short for Internet Message Access
when the broadcast data is received, the data will be discarded.
NetBIOS enables the application to establish a session with another device, so that the network forwarder and processing protocol can process requests received and sent to another machine. NetBIOS does not actually operate on data. NetBIOS defines the network interfaces used to reach the protocols
When using the AWS Cloud Service, 90% uses the ELB service as a load-balanced solution, and using Elb is much more convenient than building load balancing yourself. The main benefits of are: 1. Can monitor the health status of the instance at any time; 2. When the server is not normal, the ELB alert policy will automatically send messages to notify the Operators 3. When the server load reaches the thr
Original link: Three kinds of sending acceptance protocols in Web services soap/http get/http POSTI. Three kinds of sending acceptance protocols in Web services soap/http get/http POSTIn Web services, there are three options for sending and receiving information: Soap,http get,http POST, but SOAP supports a wider range of data types
Soap=rpc+http+xml
Soap simple understanding, is such an open protocol Soap=rpc+http+xml: The use of HTTP a
01.WEB Service and HTTP protocol 01.01.Web service basics: DNSWeb services are inseparable from the underlying network and DNS services.User access to the basic process of the site, that is, the DNS resolution process
1). browser input URL www.baidu.com, find the local DNS cache and Hosts file information, if
Solvehttp://askubuntu.com/questions/339702/network-service-discovery-disabled-what-does-this-mean-for-me/339709#339709To disable it, you must edit the file as /etc/default/avahi-daemon root:sudo -igedit /etc/default/avahi-daemonand add this line (or change it if already exists to):AVAHI_DAEMON_DETECT_LOCAL=0source:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1632952Ubuntu Boot encounters-your current
adopt a unified network-wide addressing, you do not need to select a path based on the node's addressing. Instead, you need to create a forwarding path between the data source and the aggregation node based on the data you are interested in. At present, many types of sensor network routing protocols are proposed based on the above purpose.
Wireless Communication Networ
network layer is responsible for routing, grouping and reorganizing the data between the subnets. The unit of data transfer in this layer is the packet (packet) (this packet can is either an IP datagram or a fragment of the IP datagram). The specifications that belong to this layer are IP, IPX, RIP, OSPF, ICMP, IGMP, and so on. Devices that are actually in use, such as routers, belong to this layer.
Note: Perhaps everyone is often confused by the te
. IP is responsible for sending and receiving packets on the Internet. by IP, messages (or other data) are split into small, separate packages that are transmitted between computers via the Internet. The IP is responsible for routing each packet to its destination.The IP protocol only allows computers to send messages to each other, but it does not check whether messages arrive in the order they were sent and are not corrupted (only critical header da
/47dfb689a7d92c59850fabd7 DHCP protocol works
How the DHCP protocol worksDHCP works differently depending on whether the client is logged on to the network for the first time. When you log in for the first time:1 Finding the ServerWhen the DHCP client logs on to the network for the first time, that is, the customer dis
/%22/"alt="%22 "/>Application of 14.6 OpenLDAP in user authenticationOpenLDAP is often used for user login authentication, which allows users to log on to all servers in the network using an LDAP service using an LDAP data replication feature. Set the user account data in the primary LDAP server, and then use the set account to log on through any client on the network
service sends resources directlyDynamic Resources: The service side needs to be processed by the execution program, sent to the client is the result of the operation of the program, such as php, JSPNote: there may be multiple resources on one page, and each resource requires a separate Request.Identity mechanism for Web resources: url,uniform resource locator: a Uniform Resource locator that describes the
details of this layer, and each layer provides services for the upper layer. Each layer communicates with the peer layer through the corresponding protocol.
8. Meaning of IP Datagram
Version: 4 bits, indicating that the current IP protocol version is 4. header Length: 4 bits, header length (measured by 32 bits). Generally, except for optional fields and corresponding filling fields, the header length is fi
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