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than the Minn algorithm, which improves the accuracy and certainty of timing. However, in the case of large noise disturbance, the algorithm still has a large timing synchronization estimation error, and the stability of the synchronization estimation is still poor.Reference documentsPark B,choen H, KO E, et al. A novel timing estimation method for OFDM Systems[j]. IEEE commun.leet.2003,7 (5): 53-55.\[m (d) =\frac{\left | P (d) \right |} {r^{2} (d)}^
estimation will be affected greatly under the condition of low Snr.Reference documentsMinn H, Zeng M,bhargava V k.on timing offser estimation for OFDM Systems[j]. IEEE commun.lett.2000,4 (7): 242-244.\[m (d) =\frac{\left | P (d) \right |} {r^{2} (d)}^{2}\]\[p (d) =\SUM_{K=0}^{1}\SUM_{M=0}^{N/4 -1}r^{*} (D+m+\frac{nk}{2}) R (d+m+\frac{n}{4} + \frac{nk}{2}) \]\[r (d) =\sum_{k=0}^{1}\sum_{m=0}^{n/4-1}\left | R (d+m+\frac{n}{4} + \frac{nk}{2}) \right |^{
Objective:These days began to get ready to engage in OFDM and the like, do not move the first MATLAB simulation, here I will slowly update, is basically my own learning sentiment bar First, PRBSPRBS is the abbreviation for Pseudo random binary Sequence, meaning "pseudo-random binary sequence". The PRBS code has a "random" feature, is because in the PRBS stream, the binary number "0" and "1" is random, but it and the real meaning of the random code, th
The ADSL access technology is still quite common. So I studied the modulation knowledge in the ADSL access technology. I would like to share it with you here, hoping it will be useful to you. Asypolicric Digital Subscriber Line (Asymmetric Digital user Line) is an Asymmetric copper access network technology. It uses Digital encoding technology to obtain large data transmission rates from existing copper telephone lines, at the same time, it does not i
made, then the mobile phone receives data with support from the hardware channel!3. How to modulated data When it comes to signal modulation and demodulation, many people will think of the Radio. Yes, the reason why the radio can hear singing thousands of miles away is that it uses electromagnetic waves as the transmission media, loads the signal of a sound source to an electromagnetic wave through specific modul
The origin of all radio modulation techniques stem back to the AM and FM basic modulation. AM modulation changes the carrier frequency according to the data signal while the FM changes the carrier frequency accord ing to the data signal. The information signal varies with time such as it could increase, decrease, or vanish to zero. The following signal represents
The following are from Wikipedia. The principle of radio technology is that changes in the current strength in the conductor will generate radio waves. With this phenomenon, information can be loaded onto radio waves through modulation. When the radio waves pass through the space to the receiver, the electromagnetic field changes caused by the radio waves will generate currents in the conductor.Information is transmitted by extracting information fro
Original link: http://www.elecfans.com/analog/20120509270848_4.htmlAmplitude modulation and detection circuitsRadio and radio communication is the use of modulation technology to add low-frequency sound signal to the high-frequency signal emitted. The process of restoring in the receiver is called demodulation. wherein the low frequency signal is called the modulation
Modern mobile communication systems all use digital modulation technology. Because digital communication is flexible in network construction, it is easy to use digital error control technology and digital encryption to facilitate integration and access the Integrated Service Network (ISDN ), therefore, all communication systems are crossing the data in analog mode. As a part of the entire network, mobile communication will inevitably transition from a
Reprinted: What is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): http://www.shenmeshi.com/Science/Science_20070315160722.html PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-pulse width modulation (PWM) is an on/off type regulated power supply application. It is a very effective technology that uses the digital output of a microprocessor to control analog circuits. With the development of electro
How to disable Dynamic Frequency Modulation of CPU 1. how can I check whether the dynamic frequency modulation function www.2cto.com is enabled on the current OS and whether the clock speed of all cores is the maximum CPU speed: grep-E '^ model name | ^ cpu MHz'/proc/cpuinfo can also be used through: lsmod | grep cpufreq_ondemand to check whether the cpufreq_ondemand module is loaded or through: service --
First, FM modulation 1, the code is as follows:CLC,CLEAR;FM= -; %modulation signal frequency (Hz) Am=0.5; %modulation signal Amplitude FC= 5e3; %Carrier Frequency (Hz) Ac=1; %Carrier amplitude MF=5; %FM Index%%%FIRSTLYKF= MF *2* PI * FM/AMDIATF= KF *AmB=2* (MF +1) *FM%%%SECONDLYFS= 64e3; %Sample Rate N= the; %number of sample points T= (0: N-1)'/fs;% time T%plott
I. GMSK modulation signal generation, software radio DSP implementation processTwo. Gmsk demodulation, one-bit differential demodulation, DSP implementation processThree. Based on the software radio architecture idea, has been implemented and optimized DSP, in line with the projectFour. ReferencesThe DSP realization of GSM communication system Gmsk"Gmsk modulation and demodulation and its TMS320C6XXXDSP rea
With the rapid development of the Internet, communication technology is experiencing a huge revolution, because the number of users accessing the network rapidly increases. As a network connected to the end users in the communication network, the access network has become a hot topic in network technology. Currently, the main access technologies include hybrid fiber/coaxial (HFCs) access technology, optical fiber access technology, copper wire access technology and wireless access technology. Co
A. 4FSK principleDMR System, digital trunking communication system. The DMR protocol adopts a modulation mode of 4FSK, which is a constant envelope modulation, which transmits 2,400 symbols per second and each symbol carries two bits of information. The maximum frequency offset d is defined as follows:d = 3h/2t,h represents the frequency offset factor for each modulatio
Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting Analog results with digital means. digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off. this on-off pattern can simulate voltages in between full on (5 volts) and off (0 volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal clock Ds on versus the time that the signal clock DS off. the duration of "on time" is called the pulse width. to get varying analog value
Recently want to use Raspberry Pi control model of the ESC, so studied the next PWM, seemingly control the ESC is troublesome, because the ESC needs to send a few specific signals to start, and then to enter the control mode, today first understand PWM, slowly toss. The following program pro-test is available, I use the Raspberry Pi model B,12gpio port is the 6th pin outside.Pulse width modulation (PWM) refers to the digital output of the microprocess
Always wanted to study the recording. There's a project that has a chance to use the powerful Naudio (Https://github.com/naudio/NAudio) LibraryRecordingNaudio Recording Class Librarypublic class Naudiorecorder {public WaveIn wavesource = null; Public Wavefilewriter wavefile = null; private string fileName = String. Empty; Voice ChangerThe voice changer used to be SoundTouch.dll.SoundTouch Wrapperpublic class SoundTouch {private INTPTR handle; Public SoundTouch () {handle = S
This article introduces a program of 51 series single-chip microcomputer that uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the brightness of LED lights. We all know that 51 Single-Chip Microcomputer itself has no pwm interface. This program is The software simulates pwm and adjusts the duty cycle of high voltage and low level in a certain frequency square wave to realize the brightness control of the LED lamp. In the program, the timer 0 is used to ge
wiring of ASICS. The clock available to the FPGA involves the problem of the global clock network. As this does not involve the problem of the artboard, for the clock network is not more than a repeat. How to use the phase-locked loop: First locate and open the Megawizard plug-in Manager in the Tools menu bar and follow the steps below to configure the use of the PLL IP coreThis IP core outputs up to 5 signals, since we only need one output C0, so C1 ~ C4 is set to default (not turn
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