Let's first introduce nginx:Supports high-concurrency connections. the official test shows 5 W concurrent connections, but 2-4 W concurrent connections can be made in actual production, thanks to nginx's use of the latest epoll (Linux 2.6 kernel) and kqueue (FreeBSD) network I/O models. apache uses the traditional select model. Its stable prefork mode is a multi-process model, which requires frequent distribution of child processes, and consumes more CPU and other server resources than nginx.
Select and poll FunctionsIn the previous chapter, we encountered a problem that the client was blocked from reading data from the standard input. At the same time, the server required to close the connection for some reason and sent a fin to the client, the client can only know that the connection is closed after reading the data from the standard input. I/O reuse introduced in this chapter can solve this problem well. 1. i/O model. in UNIX, there are
PHP Instance-AJAX Polls
AJAX PollsIn the following example, we will demonstrate a voting program through which the poll results are displayed without refreshing the page.Do you like PHP and AJAX?
Example explanation-HTML pageWhen the user selects an option above, a function named "Getvote ()" is executed. This function is triggered by an "onclick" event.The poll.html file code is as follows:HTML>Head>MetaCharSet= "Utf-8">title>Beginner's T
First, the concept1. Poll Scenario DescriptionTake the key driver as an example to open the key driver file/dev/buttons in a blocking way, the application uses the Read () function to read the key value of the key. The effect of this is: if a keystroke is pressed, the process that invokes the read () function reads the data successfully, the application continues to execute, and if no keystrokes are pressed, it is always dormant, waiting for the butto
The example in this article describes how Python implements asynchronous Io via poll. Share to everyone for your reference. The specific analysis is as follows:
Returns a polling object after using poll (), which supports the following methods:
Pollobj.register (Fd,[,eventmask]) The first argument is to register a new file descriptor fd,fd either an integer file descriptor or an object with a Fileno () me
Reprint: http://bookjovi.iteye.com/blog/1186736
Asynchronous IO waiting in Linux is nothing more than three system calls: Select, Poll and Epoll. Many people do not understand the difference between three calls, or the lack of understanding, today on the combination of Linux kernel code detailed description of the three differences.
Select
The limit to select is the maximum of 1024 fd, you can view the posix_types.h in kernel, which defines the Fds
Transfer from http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuwbox/p/4222382.htmlPoll is similar to select, which iterates through the descriptor to see if a descriptor is ready. Returns the number of ready file descriptors if one is available. The poll function is as follows:#include int poll (struct POLLFD *fdarray, unsigned long nfds, int timeout)The first argument points to the pointer to the first element of the structure a
When doing network service, it is necessary to write concurrent service-side programs. The stability of the front-end client application is partly dependent on the client itself, and more depends on whether the server is fast enough and stable enough.The common Linux concurrent Server model;
Multi-Process Concurrent server
Multi-threaded Concurrent server
Select multi-channel I/O transfer server
Poll Multi-channel I/O forwarding server
Epo
The reason why select is less efficient than Epoll : Select is polling,Epoll is trigger, so it is efficient. Select : 1.socket quantity limit :socketfd_ Setsize decided , kernel default 32*32=1024. 2. Operating Restrictions : by traversing the fd_setsize (1024x768 ) socket to complete the dispatch , regardless of which Socket is active , Go through it all over again . Poll :The number of 1.Socket is almost unlimited : The FD lis
Linux network communication has launched the Select, poll, Epoll three modes. Select has the following three questions:(1) Each time a select is called, the FD collection needs to be copied from the user state to the kernel state, which is very expensive when FD is very large.(2) At the same time, each call to select requires the kernel to traverse all of the FD that is passed in, which is also very expensive when FD is very large.(3) The number of f
The Libcurl also encapsulates both the I/O mechanisms of select and poll. The code uses a macro have_poll_fine to separate the two. If this macro is defined, use poll, otherwise select is used.The use code for both is defined in the function Curl_poll (), and the function is defined in the file lib/select.c. To facilitate analysis, reading will separate select and poll
The poll function is similar to select, but the program interface is different. Poll function Any type of file descriptor.Before writing a program with the poll function, let's take a look at the prototype of the poll function:int poll (struct pollfd* fds,nfds_t nfds,int tim
Socket programming practices in Linux (8) Select restrictions and poll (preliminary knowledge of concurrency)Select restrictions
The number of concurrent servers implemented by the select statement is generally restricted by the following two factors:
1) Maximum file descriptor limit that a process can open. This can be changed by adjusting the kernel parameters. You can use ulimit-n (number) to adjust or use the setrlimit function (root permission re
Objective: To test whether epoll overhead is significantly lower than poll When epoll and poll are used at the same application layer.Epoll uses the et Mode
Test method:The server reads only data from the connected n clients. The system calls only poll and read, or epoll_wait and read, which is convenient for analysis. For the same number of
Poll operation1, poll operation process:Poll is a system call, and its kernel entry function for Sys_poll,sys_poll almost no matter what processing directly calls the Do_sys_poll,do_sys_poll run process can be divided into three parts:1, copy the user's incoming POLLFD array to the kernel space due to the copy operation and array length correlation. Time this is an O (n) operation, this step of the code in
the file descriptor collection.
4.select returns the number of file descriptors that are ready for a value greater than 0, 0 indicates that the wait time is up, less than 0 means the call failed, so we can traverse the array using fd_isset (int fd,fd_set *set) to determine which file descriptor is ready for the event, Then do the appropriate action.
Implement code using a select TCP socket.
#include
The client end is the same as the upper Tcpsocket end. The pros and cons of selectAdvantages:(
Description of the select and poll interfaces, and The selectpoll Interfaces
In the linux driver, sometimes non-blocking read and write operations are required, but you cannot periodically query whether the device is readable or writable. Therefore, you need to implement the poll interface in the driver, then, the select system call is called at the application layer.
The
Simplest Socket socket programming (2)-Poll () and epoll ()
Author: gaopenghigh. For more information, see the source. (Original address)
This document describes how to usepoll()Andepoll()The main step of Socket network programming in UNIX environment is to implement a simple server and client code instance and a network service, which accepts a string command, execute the command and return the result to the client.
For the basic concepts of Socket
For more information about the poll method in the driver-Linux general technology-Linux programming and kernel, see the following. Recently I was reading a book on drivers, and it was a bit confusing when I saw the poll method. I understood it as a device query to determine whether it is readable or writable.
But I think most of the driver's poll functions call
Background Execution NPM Run Watch-poll
you can follow the command in the following The command will run in the background. Full command:npm run Watch-poll
if it has been executed directlyNPM Run Watch-poll, you can directly pressCtrl + Z, hang the program in the background, and you'll see a task number, such as: [1]+ Stopped npm run watch-
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