, the destination address is a network address: A network number or network number and subnet number combination D: The route is created by the redirect message M: The route has been modified by redirected messages
refcnt:The (Reference count) column gives the number of active processes that are using routing.
Use :Shows the number of packets sent through this route
Routing Table composition:
1) The simplest (and least interesting) scenario is that the host is not connected to any network at a
1. OSPF features
Fast convergence;Able to adapt to large networks;Able to correctly process error routing information;The use area can reduce the CPU burden on a single router and form a structured network;Supports classless routing, full support for classless network, variable length subnet, and other classless features;Supports Load Balancing across multiple paths;Multicast addresses are used for information intercommunication, reducing the load of non-OSPF routers;Use routing labels to repre
Debian network configuration file-Debian information for the Linux release-the following is a detailed description. When debian is installed, the network configuration file/etc/network/interfaces is like this:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# And how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces (5 ).
# The loopback network interface
Auto lo
Iface lo inet loopback
segment is usually used to specify the data segment type. 0X0021 indicates IP datagram, 0XC021 indicates link control data, and 0X8021 indicates network control data. Similarly, the PPP protocol follows Principle 2. Compared with SLIP, it has the following advantages: (1) due to the existence of the Protocol segment, it supports transmission of multiple protocols on a single serial line, (2) The CRC check ensures the correctness of data transmission. (3) similar to CSLIP, frames can be compress
TCP/IP-02-link layer Chapter 2 link layer 2nd introduction in the TCP/IP protocol family, the link layer has three main purposes: 1) sending and receiving IP datagram for the IP module; 2) sends ARP requests to the ARP module and receives ARP responses. 3) sends RARP requests to RARP and receives RARP responses. TCP/IP supports a variety of link layer protocols, depending on the hardware used by the network, such as Ethernet, ring-based network, and f d I (Optical Fiber Distributed Data Interfac
C n e T, and a P p l e Ta l K. For example, the IP NCP allows both parties to agree on whether to compress the header of the message, similar to the C S L I p (abbreviation n C p can also be used in front of T C P).In general, p p p has the following advantages: (1) PPP supports the operation of multiple protocols on a single serial line, not only the I-P protocol, (2) cyclic redundancy test at each frame, and (3) The dynamic negotiation of the I P address (using the I-P Network control Protoco
Win7 Installing the Oracle 10g (Vista) methodFirst download, 10203_vista_w2k8_x86_production_db (note to the next, otherwise there is no Refhost.xml file)Http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/oracle10g/htdocs/10203vista.htmlThen unzip, found in the directory Refhost.xml (there are two, my one is in the Stage\prereq\db directory, one is in the Stage\prereq\db_prereqs\db directory) to add the repair, add the following code: And then you have to modify a Oraparam.ini file, i
hostname does not exist or the host name cannot be resolved. As an example: public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { byte[] bytes = {14, (byte) 215, (byte) 177, 39}; InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress("www.doge.com",bytes); System.out.println(inetAddress); }In fact, the domain name www.doge.com does not exist, but this method does not throw an exception.If you want to query all IP addresses for a host name, you can use:static InetAddre
replace-> the Replace command.
When we look at the code we wrote two weeks ago, it's often like we saw it for the first time, so it's necessary to have a name that helps us understand its meaning.2, even if you do not use visual Studio. NET programming, using code support files also helps improve application performance
In all asp.net Web projects, such as Web applications, Web services, or Web controls, Visual Studio. NET uses code support files. The code support file makes the project better
:The following is an Ethernet frame captured by Wireshark:RFC 894 requires that the minimum data frame size be 60 bytes (48-byte data + 12-byte header). To ensure this, pad bytes must be inserted in insufficient space. at the same time, each data link layer protocol has a MTU (maximum transmission unit) Definition. Under this definition, fragmentation is required if the IP datagram is too large ). in Linux, the MTU of eth0 displayed in netstat-in is 1500 bytes.Loopback. Most products support
ONBOOT = yes
HWADDR = 00: 50: 56: 95: 09: 76
LAST_CONNECT = 1411004329
Solution:
Directly renamed the ifcfg-Auto_eth0 file to eth0, restart the network card will find that the network card name has changed to eth0
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Service network restart
Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]
Bringing up interface eth0: Active connection state: activated
2. ifconfig finds that the NIC service name has not changed
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Ifconfig
Auto_et
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How does one achieve load balancing on multiple links?
Two methods:
1. Build an EBGP neighbor using the loopback port and use EBGP multi-hop
2. EBGP multipath
The following two methods are discussed:
1. B
frame format: 1) Each frame is marked with the character 0x7e start and end 2) address, the value is always 0xFF (represents all hosts on a link? ) 3) protocol control Byte, 0x03 4) for the special character 0x7e, in the asynchronous link, as an escape character, in the PPP data frame, the sixth bit of the tightly attached character to take its complement. A, if the message has a character 0x7e, the continuous transmission of two characters 0x7d and 0x5e B, if the escape character, the continuo
RedHat6.5 Nic problem summary
Problem description: Prepare to use RedHat6.5 to install Oracle 12c RAC. After the system environment is ready, find that the configuration of the new RedHat Nic is not the same as before. The problem and solution are summarized as follows:
1. The eth0 file cannot be found.
In the use of RedHat6.5, the new installed system, found that no eth0 Nic, the default first Nic is the Auto-eth0
[Root @ rac01 ~] # Cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Auto_eth0
TYPE = Ether
machines;1. Simulate the creation of a virtual machine disk device and build a local loopback file:
Create Virtual Disk storage directory:
# MKDIR/XEN/IMAGES-PV
Enter directory to create virtual machine disk device:
# cd/xen/images/
# dd If=/dev/zero of=./ Busybox.img bs=1m oflag=direct seek=2047 count=1
View device size, you can find the actual size is 1MB:
# ll-h Total
1.0M
-rw-r--r--1 Root root 2.0G Feb 6 20:15 busybox.img
2). format
Ethernet Mac (link layer) +phy (physical layer/rtl8201f,88e1111), integrated DM9000,RTL8139CP because of the large amount of network data transmission, whether it is a separate type or integrated, it usually introduces DMA between MAC and PHY. Mac and PHY are separated because the Mac is part of the digital circuit, and the PHY is part of the simulation, responsible for the data received to the MAC layer, the MAC layer will receive the data transferred to the upper layer protocol, such as the IP
router. If you are a wireless network "prawn", then click on the "X" button on the page because it doesn't help you, but if you are a network of wireless routers "white", then the first lesson will be the key to your study trip, do not miss Oh.
Section I: Hardware connections
Said the most basic wireless router settings, of course, to start from the hardware connection, do not think this is very simple things, if you will Wan/lan mouth, then all the basic settings can not talk about ...
Asus Rt-n12 is a family-oriented product. Its 300Mbps ultra-high speed, strong signal, and with up to 30000 online number, so that peer-to-peer can download high-speed, to ensure that users have super stable network functions such as online. It can be said that Rt-n12 is ASUS to build a family and small business network applicable wireless network new, will give users a rapid and carefree wireless experience.
Asus Rt-n12 is a white-dominated hue, surrounded by white-gray foil. A feeling
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