The multiple input multiple output (Multiple-input, Multiple-output;mimo) technology provides an excellent way to extend the range of the Wireless area Network (WLAN), and has recently become the focus. MIMO technology began in 1985, but only now applies to wafer-level devices to dramatically improve transmission range and capacity.
Since MIMO is not a single concept, but consists of a variety of wireless RF technology, so we must fully understand the operation and performance of MIMO. When app
(Broadcastreceiver) is used to receive broadcast intent, and the broadcast intent is sent by calling Context.sendbroadcast (), Context.sendorderedbroadcast () To achieve. Typically a broadcast intent can be received by multiple broadcast receivers subscribed to this intent, which is similar to topic message recipients in JMS. The method to implement a broadcast receiver is as follows:The first step: Inherit Broadcastreceiver and override the OnReceiv
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Command mode is the behavior mode of the object. The command mode is also called action mode or transaction mode.
In command mode, a request or operation is encapsulated into an object. The command mode allows the system to parameterize the client using different requests, queue requests or record request logs, and provides command revocation and recovery functions.Command mode structure
Command mode is the encapsulation of command
the risk of errors. The server system needs to run continuously for a long time, and the accumulation of operations may eventually have a major impact on the entire server.
The iis server provides external services in multi-thread mode, which is relatively stable. However, experienced web server managers usually regularly check and restart the servers, to prevent unexpected faults.
3. asynchronous mode
Synchronous and asynchronous mechanisms in network communication are the concepts of communic
In the previous article, we analyzed the process of receiver receiving data in detail, and sent the meta-information of data to Receivertracker during receiver receiving data:This article will analyze the architecture design and concrete implementation of receivertracker in detail. First,the main function of Receivertracker The main functions of Receivertracker are:1.start receivers on the executor2.accept
One: the definition of the command pattern---> Command mode is a high-cohesion mode---> Encapsulates a request into an object, allowing you to parameterize the client with different requests, queue requests, or log request logs to provide undo and redo functions for the command.Role of---> Command modeReceive receiver role ==> this role is the role of the job, the command is delivered here should be executedcommand commands the role ==> all the comman
This paper mainly introduces Broadcastreceiver concept, use, life cycle, security, classification, special broadcastreceiver (local, sticky, orderly, sticky and orderly broadcasting). example code see BROADCASTRECEIVERDEMO, example apk see:trineaandroiddemo.apk. 1. Concept introduction and the difference between the two ways of registrationBroadcastreceiver as one of the four components of Android, unlike activity, there is no interface to display. Broadcastreceiver consists of two concepts, the
1.Android Broadcast Mechanism overviewAndroid broadcasts are divided into two areas: the broadcast sender and the broadcast receiver, usually broadcastreceiver refers to the broadcast recipient (broadcast receiver). Broadcast as a means of communication between Android components, you can use the following scenarios:1. Message communication within the same component inside the same app (between single or mu
Android notes. BroadcastReceiver, broadcastreceiverBroadcast is a mechanism widely used to transmit information between applications. BroadcastReceiver is a component that filters and receives and responds to sent broadcasts. BroadcastReceiver is essentially a global listener used to listen to global broadcast messages of the system and receive specified broadcasts. Therefore, it can easily implement communication between different components in the system. The knowledge point structure of Broad
, which avoids copying.3. If the recipient is a large structure or an array, then the pointer type recipient is more efficient. (How big is it?) Suppose you pass all the elements of the recipient as parameters to the method, and if you think that the parameters are a bit more, then it is large.4. Can the recipient be modified when calling functions and methods concurrently in this method? A recipient of a value type creates a copy when the method is called, so the external modification does not
, you can also add a new method on the target to limit the broadcast range.
A typical application of the Siganl mechanism in Django is that the framework creates signals associated with some method calls of the Model, such as pre_save and post_save, for Models, for example, pre_save and post_save notify the observer before and after calling the save () method of Modle, so that the observer can perform a series of operations.
The processing of django signal is synchronous. Do not use it to proces
Reprint: Android Summary series: Android broadcast mechanism1.Android Broadcast Mechanism overviewAndroid broadcasts are divided into two areas: the broadcast sender and the broadcast receiver, usually broadcastreceiver refers to the broadcast recipient (broadcast receiver). Broadcast as a means of communication between Android components, you can use the following scenarios:1. Message communication within
This article is mainly from two aspects:Contents of this issue1 exactly Once2 output is not duplicated1 exactly OnceTransaction: Bank Transfer For example, a user to transfer to the User B, if the B users confiscated, or received multiple accounts, is to undermine the consistency of the transaction. Transactions are handled and processed only once, that is, a is only turned once and B is only received once. Decrypt the sparkstreaming schema from a transactional perspective: The sparkstreaming
customer once (if the transfer of 10,000 yuan), normally a client's account will only be deducted once and the amount is 10,000 yuan, B client's account will only receive a customer's transfer of money and the amount is also 10,000 yuan, this is the specific embodiment of business and its consistency, This means that the data will be processed and processed correctly once.However, the transaction processing of spark streaming differs from the transaction in the above case and its consistency; t
buffer to the receiver buffer, at least two copies of the process. Shared memory, although not copied, is complex and difficult to use.Table 1 Number of data copies in various IPC ways
Ipc
Number of copies of data
Shared memory
0
Binder
1
socket/Pipeline/Message Queuing
2
Another point is for security reasons. End users do not want to download the program from
}, Context.bind_auto_create);}Broadcast Receiver ( broadcast receiver )Broadcast receiver is used to receive and process broadcast notifications (broadcast announcements). Broadcastreceive has 1, system broadcast events, such as: action_boot_completed (triggered when the system starts to complete), action_time_changed (triggered when the system time changes), Act
1. Scenario Simulation
Use software to simulate the Boot ProcessPress start.Then Power SupplyThe motherboard starts power-on self-check.BiOS searches for the BIOS of other devices in turn and asks them to initialize self-checkStart to detect CPU, memory, optical disc, hard disk, optical drive, serial port, parallel port, and out-of-the-box driveGo to system boot
The preceding process can be abstracted as follows:The client only wants to send commands or requests. It does not care who the real
TCP traffic control
1. Implement traffic control using sliding windows
If the sender sends data too quickly, the receiver may not be able to receive the data, which may cause data loss. The so-calledTraffic ControlIt is to make the sender's sending speed not too fast, so that the receiver can receive it in time.
The sliding window mechanism can be used to conveniently control the traffic of the sender over
requests, send SMTP establishment and ConnectionCreate a two-way transmission channel between receiving and SMTP. Receiving SMTP can be either the final receiver orInter-carrier. The SMTP command is sent by the sending SMTP, and received by the receiving SMTP, and the response is reversed.Send.Once the transfer channel is established, the SMTP sender sends the MAIL command to specify the MAIL sender. IfIf an SMTP recipient can receive an email, an OK
is short and the child threads may not have endedThe Broadcastreceiver will be finished first. Once the broadcastreceiver is over, this broadcastreceiverThe process is easy to kill when the system needs memory because it belongs to an empty process (a process without any active components). If its host process is killed, then the working child thread will be killed. So using sub-threading to solve is unreliable.Broadcast type and broadcast typeGeneral Broadcast (Normal broadcasts)Send a broadca
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