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Ethernet Technology Encyclopedia (II)

) bandwidth utilization will cause great impact. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce techniques such as fast spanning tree (RSTP), super Spanning tree (Hyper STP), VLAN group spanning tree (RVGST) to enhance the extensibility of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in large scale networks. Non-spanning Tree protocol technology In larger networks, it is also possible to consider the use of loop topologies such as RPR (resilient Packet ring), MRP (Metro ring Protocol), or VSRP (Virtual Switch redund

New Generation Optical Network networking technology

network resources including PDH, sdh/sonet, DWDM, etc., which affect the flexibility of network organization, the validity of network and the expansion of new business. To this end, international standardization agencies such as ITU-T, OIF, ODST and IETF have proposed the draft of automatic switching transmission network (ASTN)/automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) and Universal Multiprotocol marking Exchange (GMPLS) standards or standards. Two

Analysis of overall network design scheme of 3G Test core network

whole network synchronization, the network elements of the whole network should try to use the same clock source of the benchmark clock signal, the network elements in accordance with the level of master-slave synchronous mode. This 3G test WCDMA wireless network synchronous operation mode, CDMA2000 wireless network synchronization using GPS system synchronous working mode. 5, transmission network The design of this test network is divided into two stages according to the test requirements:

Huawei MA5200G-PPPoEoVLAN configuration example

POS (PacketOverSONETSDH) interface Huawei MA5200G configuration instance 1. basic configuration: sys * Go To System View * sysnamexxx_xxx_5200G * change the system display name of 5200G * superpasswordlevel3cipherxxxxxx * Set Superuser password * user-interfacevty04 * go to virtual terminal POS (Packet Over SONET/SDH) interface Huawei MA5200G configuration instance 1. basic Configuration: sys/* Go To The System View */sysname xxx_xxx_5200G/* change th

All-optical switch application mechanism and common functions

The biggest advantage of integrated all-optical switches is that they can easily expand to the interconnection, grid-like and ring-like hybrid networks, and grid-shaped networks, which cannot be achieved by other switch products. To reduce operating costs and increase revenue, carriers are keen to adopt new smart optical networks based on new-generation optical devices. These new devices provide new functions and integration of multiple features. A typical example is an all-optical switching dev

Why? Puzzles for beginners ~~~~~

When I want to insert a piece of newsYou can write a news class first. Public Class News {Cuctsoft. sqldbhelper SDH = New Cuctsoft. sqldbhelper (); Private Int _ Id; Private String _ Title; Private String _ Content; /**/ //////News ID/// Public Int Nid { Set {_ Id=Value ;} Get {Return_ Id ;} } /**/ //////News Title/// Public String Ntitle { Set {_ Title=Value ;} Get {R

Network Technology and thoughts

technology is related to the media, such as SDH on the optical fiber, SONET, and SDH on the copper line. However, we can see that SDH can directly transmit IP packets, because it has its own frame encapsulation mechanism, isn't it messy?To really understand the network hierarchy, I think we can use the tun/TAP model of openvpn to compare openvpn as a physical la

Configure LVM in CentOS 6.3

. # Resize2fs/dev/vg0/lv1 # Df-TH The current available capacity has increased to 5.9 GB. View Test Data The data is normal and the online dynamic resizing of lv1 is completed. In another case, what should we do if our vg0 space is insufficient? In this case, we need to resize the VG. 13.2 VG resizing You can use either of the following methods to scale up VG: A. Create a pv and use/dev/sdh to create a pv. B. Resize VG The current vg0 capacity is 1

Mount an ESB under Amazon EC2 to a server

1.Create an Amazon EBS volume Log in to the AWS Management Console and click the Amazon EC2 tab. Click volumes in the Navigation Pane.The console displays a list of current volumes. Click Create volume.The create volume dialog box appears. Configure the following settings and click Create. Size of the volume (in Gib) Availability zone in which to launch the instance The ID of the snapshot from which you are launching the volume (optional 2.To attach an Amazon EBS volume

Rhel6.3 practice of building an iscsi-target server

... ######################################## ### [100%] Package scsi-target-utils-1.0.24-2.el6.x86_64 is already installed You need to configure the yum source yourself to install the SDK using the YUM command) [Root @ racscsi home] # yum-y install scsi-target-utils Start the service and add it to auto-start. [Root @ racscsi home] #/etc/init. d/tgtd start Starting SCSI target daemon: [OK] [Root @ racscsi home] # chkconfig tgtd on Use the fdisk command to create several partitions, or use extern

How to manage multiple access networks

undertake mobile bearer tasks. Therefore, maintenance and management of many bearer media will become a challenge that operators have to face. Optimizing the management of group bearer Pipelines The end-to-end IP address of the bearer network is one of the main objectives of the mobile network's end-to-end IP address. However, IP is a long-term process, so TDM and Grouping services will coexist in the network for a long time. Group businesses are characterized by traffic uncertainty and bursts.

Exploration on the standardization of access networks for major customers

There are many areas worth learning about access networks for major customers. Here we will mainly introduce the exploration of the standardization of access networks for major customers. The following provides a reference model for access networks of major customers. Access networks of major customers are composed of several relatively independent subnets composed of several access entities. They are connected to the transmission network through UNI, NNI, and DCI interfaces. Each access subnet

Technical optimization solution for 3G Local Access Network

transmission system platform. It makes full use of SDH technology to provide protection and recovery capabilities for businesses and reduce latency, the network service transfer layer is improved to provide access, convergence, and transmission capabilities for various businesses and protocols with different particles in the SDH frame format. At present, MSTP has been widely deployed for carrying 2G mobile

Configuring LVM under CentOS 6.3 (Logical volume management)

/VG0/LV1 Description: added 1G on the basis of the original LV1. View the remaining capacity of the vg0 now, reducing the 1G. Then look at the capacity of the lv1, increased from 5G to 6G. Use the df–th command to view the actual disk capacity. The actual capacity is not changed because our system does not yet recognize the file system of the disk that has just been added, so the file system needs to be scaled up. # RESIZE2FS/DEV/VG0/LV1 # df–th Now the usable capacity has been increased to

Linux Fundamentals-disk array (RAID) examples

] ~]# Mdadm-r/dev/md0/dev/sdbMdadm:hot Removed/dev/sdb from/dev/md0Add a new hard disk[[Email protected] ~]# mdadm-a/DEV/MD0/DEV/SDHMdadm:added/dev/sdh[[Email protected] ~]# Cat/proc/mdstatPersonalities: [RAID10]Md0:active RAID10 sdh[6] (S) sdg[5] sdf[4] (S) sde[3] sdd[2] sdc[1]41910272 Blocks Super1.2512K chunks2 Near-copies [4/4] [uuuu]View status, the new hard drive has been found, the old hard drive is

Linux5.5 Installing the 10g RAC

bytesdisk/dev/sdf:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdg:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdh:429.4 GB, 429496729600 bytesdisk/dev/sdi:429.4 GB, 429496729600 bytesNode 2:disk/dev/sdb:107.3 GB, 107374182400 bytesdisk/dev/sdc:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdd:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sde:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdf:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdg:1073 MB, 1073741824 bytesdisk/dev/sdh

Working principle of fiber optic cat

different from the access to the optical line, is the light signal. For the conversion of photoelectric signal in WAN and the conversion of interface protocol, access router is WAN access. Photoelectric transceiver is the conversion of photoelectric signal in LAN, but only signal conversion, there is no interface protocol conversion. Application range of Light cat Just Ethernet optical cat, mainly applied to distance super, more than 20KM, the middle need to pass

Vro related technologies

Switching) is an efficient IP backbone network technology platform. It provides a flexible and scalable backbone network Switching technology for the next generation of IP networks. The use of MPLS technology will greatly improve network operation efficiency, achieve QoS division for IP network services, and rationally allocate network resources through traffic engineering to implement restricted routing, MPLS networks also provide efficient VPN services and real-time services. IP over

What are the advantages of all-optical switches and general switches?

Next we will study the advantages of all-optical switches. They can easily expand to the interconnection, grid-like and ring-like hybrid networks, and grid-shaped networks, which cannot be achieved by some common switches. At present, operators are keen to adopt a new smart optical network based on the new generation of optical devices. A typical example is an all-optical switching device. All-optical switches have evolved from simple optical mechanical devices to high-speed optical devices with

Differences between optical transceiver and Optical Transceiver

and transmits them at a rate of 2.048 Mbps. The price varies depending on the number of transmission E1 ports. Generally, the minimum optical terminal can transmit four E1 instances. Currently, the maximum optical terminal can transmit 4032 E1 instances. Optical transceiver is divided into three categories: PDH, SPDH, and SDH.PDHPlesiochronous Digital Hierarchy, quasi-synchronous Digital series) optical transceiver is a small-capacity optical transceiver, which is usually used in pairs and is a

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