RTP/RTCP/RTSP/SIP/SDP RelationshipRTP (real-time transport protocol, Transport layer)Real-time Transport Protocol) is a Transport layer protocol for multimedia traffic on the Internet. The RTP protocol details the standard packet format for transmitting audio and video over the Internet. RTP protocols are commonly used in streaming media systems (with the RTCP protocol), video conferencing and a Push-to-talk system (with either a/p or
I. MPLS IN BGP Theory
No mpls ip propagate-ttl [forwarded | local]
Note: you only need to configure this command on the entry PE!
If you want to hide the P router in the public network, and the PE router entry PE at the egress, you can use this command if it is not tracked by traceroute in the private network.
By default, when an IP packet arrives at the entry PE, the TTL value in the IP packet header is
One: MPLS in PE1.LDP Neighbors cannot establishA, see if the neighbor does not have any neighbors then first look at the configurationis the protocol correct ?whether the related interface is enabled MPLSIPB, the bottom of the Route-id not reachC,646 was cut offLDP 's Hello packet UDP 646Update Packet TCP 646The TDP is 711 .D , Copp kill it. 646 2. Track the destination route PE addressin the Check show MPLS
Absrtact: Broadband IP metropolitan Area network, routing planning and design is the core link. In the beginning of the network, must be integrated planning. According to the construction of the metropolitan area Network, the routing strategy based on Bgp/mpls VPN is adopted, which is proved to be feasible by practice.
Key words: BGP MPLS VPN IP Routing strategy
1 Broadband metropolitan Area Network overv
The SIP Protocol provides a standard-based IP communication method for multiple devices and applications. This White Paper describes the support for the SIP protocol in the Cisco communications system. Cisco's Unified Communication System includes IP voice, data and video communication products and applications, which can help organizations communicate more effectively, simplify business processes, and achi
1. There are four Nat models for the SIP protocol.A) Full cone full coneB) Restricted cone of restricted coneC) Restricted cone of port restricted portD) symmetric ricA, B, and C are also called asymmetric Nat.
2. If the SIP terminal is behind Nat, problems may occur in its work. The reason is that the path of the sip signaling is different from that of the media
How to enable the MPLS module#Modprobe Mpls_routerModprobe MPLS_GSOModprobe Mpls_iptunnelSysctl-w net.mpls.conf.lo.input=1Sysctl-w net.mpls.platform_labels=1048575How to create the virtual interface and bridge interface#IP link Add veth0 type Veth peer name Veth1IP link Add brm type bridgeIP link set eth1 master BRMIP link set veth0 master BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.99/24 dev BRMIP addr Add 192.168.23.100/24 dev Veth0IP link Set BRM upIP link Set veth0
When the MPLS network is troubleshooting, it should follow from the control plane and the network plane to troubleshoot.
Let's take a look at what two planes do.
Above is the control plane, below is the network plane.
From the forwarding plane is the network plane, there will only be two kinds of messages, inbound for the IP packet, and inbound for the MPLS tag packet, then the corresponding two messag
In the HUB-AND-SPOKE environment of mpls vpn, for the sake of security AND cost, the branches are not interconnected, AND the access between the branches must go through the firewall of the headquarters, both the security effect and the cost are saved.The experiment topology is as follows:Due to the existence of the downstream bits and domain tags in the anti-ring mechanism of OSPF, the route may not be received in the outbound VRF of r6. therefore, t
MPLS (Multi-propocol Label Switching) is a Multi-Protocol Label exchange.MPLS is a third-generation network architecture and a new generation of IP High-Speed Backbone Network Exchange Standard, proposed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering Task Group, led by Cisco, ascend, 3Com, and other network equipment manufacturers.MPLS is an integrated IP over ATM technology. It combines routing functions on Frame Relay and ATM switch,
Data Packets transmitted in the MPLS network can have multiple labels. Generally, there is only one label for data transmission in the MPLS network, and there are two labels in the mpls vpn. This is the label stack, they are called the top label and the bottom stack label respectively. The inner layer label should be the bottom stack label, and the outer layer la
MPLS: Multiprotocol label Switching. What exactly is MPLS ?1, MPLS Overview: The use of label forwarding instead of traditional routing and forwarding, greatly improve the forwarding rate, and MPLS in traffic engineering and QoS areas are of great use.2. Tags: MPLS uses tags
http://blog.csdn.net/noiile/article/details/115436
What are the problems with SIP from private network to public network?
Address translation of the package.
SIP address Translation inside the SIP message.
The RTP address translation in the SDP inside the SIP message.
The existing structure of the network is complex
I. SIP Concept
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control Protocol used to establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions. sessions can be IP phones, multimedia distribution, and multimedia meetings. It is the core protocol of the IETF multimedia data and control architecture (RFC3261 is the latest RFC document ). The main purpose is to solve the signaling control in the IP netw
What is the premise of using MPLS traffic engineering for CISCO? or MPLS te configuration logic:
Cisco IOS software version that supports MPLS traffic engineering.
The network needs to start CEF.
The link state protocol used as IGP OSPF or Is-is. Only these two protocols can support TE. (OSPF provides a class tenth LSA to propagate related TE information).
Th
At present, the MPLS fast rerunning technology is widely used. We believe that with the development of the communication industry, the MPLS fast rerunning technology will be more comprehensive and stable, bringing users a good network environment. To meet real-time applications such as video conferencing and television services, LSP protection capabilities similar to traditional SDHAPS must be provided for
1. With the advances in hardware technology and the creation of high-speed routers and three-layer switches, MPLS has had little meaning to increase the speed of forwarding. However, MPLS has been widely used in virtual private network, traffic engineering, QoS and so on because of its support of tag stack and connection-oriented characteristics. MPLS Label switc
The previous document has already learned the information dissemination through OSPF, also introduced the CSPF and path's establishment RSVP work principle.
What should we do next?
You can forward customer data traffic along the tunnel interface in three ways:
Static routing routes
Policy Routing Policy Routing
Automatic routing Autoroute
So to be more blunt, this piece of content is the final phase of Te Tunnel, the key to the key. Just imagine, through arduous, established a te tunnel, b
In March 1999, the Internet Task Force (IETF) published a RFC2547 by Cisco, describing a way for operators to provide virtual private network (VPN) services to users through an IP backbone network. This method uses an extended BGP (Boundary routing protocol) to distribute VPN routing information through the carrier backbone network, and uses Multiprotocol token switching (MPLS) to forward VPN traffic between the VPN user sites. The main purpose of thi
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