) (Php_stream *stream, off_t offset, int whence, off_t *newoffset);
Int (*cast) (Php_stream *stream, int castas, void **ret tsrmls_dc);
Int (*stat) (Php_stream *stream, php_stream_statbuf *ssb tsrmls_dc);
Int (*set_option) (Php_stream *stream, int option,int value, void *ptrparam tsrmls_dc); } php_stream_ops
When a stream access function such as Php_stream_read () is called, the Flow wrapper layer actually resolves the corresponding fu
means that the carrier frequency is changed according to a certain pattern (sequence) within a very wide band. Information Data D enters Carrier Modulation after it is modulated into a baseband signal with BD bandwidth. The carrier frequency is controlled by the pseudo-random code generator and is randomly changed in the bandwidth BSS (BSS> BD) band, the bandwidth of the baseband signal BD is extended to the bandwidth BSS used for transmitting signal
power and average power in the entire burst range at low, medium, and high frequency points. The specifications require that the peak power and average power be smaller than 23dbm and 20dbm respectively and meetThe following requirements: If the EUT power level is 1, the average power>0 dBm; if the power level of EUT is 2,-6dbm
(2) power density
The initial state is the same as (1). the tester finds the highest-power frequency point within the MHz band by scanning the frequency point, and then
supports multiple European languages and hybrid display of simple images and texts.
Chapter 2 Composition of the DVB System[This article does not describe the hardware structure of the DVB system in detail, but explains in detail the format and Reuse Principle of the TS code stream according to the description in iso13818. (Enough, Enough)]Classification of DVBAccording to the application of different DVB, mainly divided into DVB-S, DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-H and other specifications. Different Specif
HSPA is a new feature introduced by WCDMA R5. It uses high-order modulation of 16QAM and multi-Code Time Division Technology, greatly improving the packet transmission rate.
High-order modulation:
Higher-Order modulation can make transmission more efficient, but higher-order modulation also requires greater power and h
Broadband access technology is still quite common, so I have studied the two new broadband access technologies that are currently emerging. I would like to share them with you here and hope they will be useful to you. In the past decade, two new modulation and demodulation technologies, Cable Modem and ADSL Asymmetric Digital user line, have emerged. Cable Modem implements data transmission up to 10 mbH/s on a hybrid optical fiber/coaxial network (HFC
With the continuous development of the Communication Industry, broadband access technology is constantly being innovated. Here we will introduce two new access technologies and make a detailed comparison, I believe that the access industry will develop better in the future.
In the past decade, two new modulation and demodulation technologies, Cable Modem and ADSL Asymmetric Digital user line, have emerged. Cable Modem implements data transmission up t
radio technology, you can use an average power less than 1 MW to cover a few miles, or even use a low-gain antenna. It is particularly valuable that it has low Interference Characteristics and strong multi-path interference resistance to other wireless systems. It is easier to implement than to build a common spread spectrum system, with a low cost. It is precisely because of the above features that the UWB communication technology has been widely used in personal communication, intra-building
standards. 802.1lb uses the KNN modulation technology to increase the data transmission rate, up to 11 Mbit/s. However, if the transmission rate exceeds 11 Mbit/s, it is very difficult to implement a more complex balance and modulation function to combat multi-path interference. Therefore, in order to promote the development of the wireless LAN, The 802.1l Working Group also introduced 0ofdm
RFID (Radio Frequency identification): A tutorialcontents:
Introduction to Radio Frequency Identification-rfid
What is RFID
Compare RFID with Bar Code technology
Benefits of RFID
Disadvantages of RFID
Active and Passive RFID Systems
RFID Frequencies
Operation of RFID Systems
RFID Building Blocks
RFID Tag block schematic, and operation
Backscatter modulation
RFID Standa
Pulse width modulation (PWM) is the abbreviation of English "Pulse width modulation", referred to as pulse width modulation.
It is a very effective technology to control analog circuits by using digital output of microprocessor, which is widely used in many fields such as measurement, communication, power control and transformation. A simulation control mode, ac
segment, wide bandwidth, high speed, high spectrum utilization: With the diversification of user business, especially broadband, the information rate of the past Kbps or more than 10 kbps is not enough, many users require dozens of Mbps information rate. To improve the information rate, in addition to the use of advanced duplex technology, coding technology and modulation technology, the most basic is the wider channel bandwidth, the corresponding ne
adjustment unit can quickly track the channel change and adjust the rate by adopting different coding modulation schemes.
When the channel condition is better, the Hs-dsch adopts a more efficient modulation method--16QAM to obtain higher frequency band utilization. Theoretically, although the XQAM modulation method can improve the channel utilization, but becau
Study on the Influence of optical fiber nonlinear effects on optical OFDM signals (1)
Optical Orthogonal Frequency Di-vision Multiplexing (O-OFDM) is a new type of Optical transmission technology that has been developed in recent years, it applies Orthogonal Fre-quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology to optical fiber channels. Transmitting OFDM Signals in optical fiber channels can improve the spectrum utilization and resist dispersion and various noise interference, with higher transmi
IntroductionThe PDM represents the pulse density modulation. However, a better abbreviation is "1-bit oversampling audio" because it is simply a high-sample-rate, single bitrate digital system. If you are looking for an advantage, it is that the sample rate is several times the audio CD, and a proper way to reduce the word length from 16bit to 1bit, which will be the basis of a PDM system.Most modern digital audio systems use multi-bit PCM (pulse-code
scene of the accident. If a serious accident occurs in the tunnel, a fire may occur, therefore, after an accident occurs in the tunnel, an emergency evacuation broadcast system is urgently needed. FMFM broadcast in the tunnel is a good emergency broadcast. Drivers can obtain evacuation and emergency command information through the radio, this service provides emergency incident command and handling to guide drivers to avoid risks. Therefore, whether in terms of security or service to the work a
. Because the modulation technology used in MMDS is mainly the phase shift keying PSK (including BPSK, DQPSK, QPSK, etc.) and the orthogonal amplitude modulation QAM modulation technology, it is impossible to achieve the non line-of-sight transmission, which is difficult to be popularized in the present complicated urban environment. In addition, MMDS has no unif
There is types of frame structure in the LTE standard, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 uses Frequency Division duplexing (Uplink and downlink separated by Frequency), and TDD uses time division Duplexin G (Uplink and downlink separated in time). This overview covers both LTE FDD Type 1 signals and LTE TDD type 2 signals described in the standard documents listed in The About Opts BHD and bhe:lte modulation analysis topic.
This overview isn't a exhaustive de
systems that can be upgraded from cdmaone to smooth. The route of its evolution is Cdmaone--cdma20001x--cdma20001xev. Another mainstream of the third generation of communication technology is the second generation of GSM standard developed by the WCDMA technology, because GSM uses TDMA (time division Multiple Access) modulation mode, and WCDMA uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) modulation, its air c
Hue Change and type
The change of tone, namely tonal conversion, is an important subject in the design of color selection in art design, with many kinds of varieties and designs, and the form of modulation is generally fixed deformation adjustment, fixed-color modulation, setting color modulation and so on.
1, fixed deformation adjustment
The essence is to mai
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