The transparent protocol is the connection layer network standard recommended by IETF, or TRILL for short. It is of great importance, because large data centers begin to use new technologies such as Ethernet fiber channels to integrate storage transmission and IP Address Transmission to Ethernet connections, and the standard Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) it will no longer be suitable for the expansion of converged networks or ultra-large data centers,
First, compare the structure and differences between 802.1D and 802.1W on PDU.
The Spanning Tree Protocol has two types of BPDU:
I. Configuration BPDU:
L in 802.1D, BPDU are automatically generated by each Bridge during the initialization of the production tree. After receiving BPDU with better superior, a better BPDU is used. When the STP domain converges, the configuration BPDU of the entire network is the configuration BPDU of the Root Bridge. Of c
There are many areas worth learning about Network Cabling Technology. Here we mainly introduce the application of network cabling Technology in the actual process, this section describes the connection of Network cables and the equipment, materials, and tools required for network engineering.
A very important task in implementing network engineering is the network wiring process. Meticulous work attitude and quality awareness will bring great convenience to network operation and maintenance in t
Use perl to port ls commands in linux to windows-Linux general technology-Linux programming and kernel information. For more information, see the following. File: ls.rar
#! /Usr/bin/perl
Use strict;
# Use Win32: File qw (GetAttributes );
My $ dir = $ ARGV [1];
My $ count = 0;
My @ stack = ();
My @ ref = ();
My @ size = ();
My @ time = ();
My $ size;
My $ datestr;
My $ year;
My $ mon;
My $ day;
My $ hh;
My $ mm;
My $ ss;
If (defined (my $ opt = $ ARGV [0]) {
If ($ opt !~ /^ \-/){
Print
rt4 does not exist. In the system view, enter "Local-user rt2 ", create a local user rt2, enter "password simple rt2" in this mode to set the rt2 password to rt2, and use the "service-type PPP" command to set the service type to PPP.
4) enter the S0/1/0 interface on rt2, execute the shudown and undo shutdown commands, close the interface and activate the interface, and re-negotiate the interface for PPP authentication.
5) run the "display IP interface brief" command on rt2 and rt4 to check the
say this. You should give me the topology:
The above figure shows the topology. Obviously, each of the four lines may form a loop.
Tear down the next page, copy the topology, and mark it as 1, 2, 3, 4. I said that you should unmount all 1234 first, then I want you to insert the root, and you will insert the root and the root, to see when packet loss will occur.
Add 1 first without packet loss
2 more, no packet loss
3 more, packet loss
Unplugging 3, plugging 4, no packet loss
Obviously, there i
allow control of vlan passing under the port.4. rrpp adds control VLANs to the STP domain.Lab software and Topology]ENSP 1.0 simulator, like. This simulator is really good! I have never had any contact before, and it is quite easy to use, similar to the real environment.Switch select S5700The connected interfaces are as follows: LSW0-G0/0/1-----------G0/0/1-LSW1-G0/0/2------------G0/0/1--LSW2-G0/0/2-----------G0/0/2-LSW1LSW0 acts as the master node,
than a few packages.After we install the virtualization component (RHEL6.0, the system comes with KVM and no Xen virtualization support), it automatically generates a bridging device such as Virbr0
[Root@clovemzone ~]# Brctl ShowBridge name Bridge ID STP enabled interfacesVirbr0 8000.5254007543ce Yes Virbr0-nic
According to this article: http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88720.htm, Virbr0 is using NAT to communicate with the virtual machine netwo
sure you're using a quality testing tool (and you know exactly how to use the test tool correctly). Such a simple step can avoid the eventual extra rework.
Tips Five, buy a larger size of the wiring tube
Do not purchase the wiring tube of the size you need now. Make plans for the future. You never know what you have to add, you will want to be able to use the existing wiring tube. If you buy a just good to meet the requirements of the wiring tube, you can not prepare for the future, buy a big
. Otherwise, a broadcast storm occurs.. If the domain is H3C, you do not need to enable the digest feature.. After enabling the digest listening function. The switch keeps the configuration summary received recently. Even if the port that enables the digest listening function fails. The previously received configuration summary still takes effect. Configuration instance: Two cisco1_7 instances. Two floor switches. One is 3550. One is H3C3600 C3550-S3: spanning-tree mode mst spanning-tree pathcos
There are many things worth learning about vswitch ports. Here we mainly introduce the process of accelerating vswitch port initialization. It may take 30 seconds or more to connect a computer to a vswitch before the computer can communicate over the network. If you are waiting for a long time, 30 seconds of waiting will make you feel very long. Let's take a look at how to accelerate the port initialization process of the switch.
Understanding the process of vswitch port Initialization
When you
It may take 30 seconds or more to connect a computer to a vswitch before the computer can communicate over the network. If you are waiting for a long time, 30 seconds of waiting will make you feel very long. Let's take a look at how to accelerate the port initialization process of the switch.
Understanding the process of vswitch port Initialization
When a device is connected to an enabled switch port, the switch port usually goes through four steps. Let's take a closer look.
Spanning Tree Proto
these groups cannot be retained end to end, because the 802.1Q trunk line will always modify the group, that is, remove the external tag. After the external tag is deleted, the internal tag becomes the unique VLAN identifier of the group. Therefore, if two different tags are used for dual encapsulation of the group, the traffic can jump between different VLANs.
This situation will be considered as misconfiguration, because the 802.1Q standard does not force users to use local VLANs in such case
Test environment:
Sharepoint2007 and sharepoint2010.
Application scenarios:
List Province: used to store province information. It mainly includes province locations.
List region: used to store region information. It mainly contains information about the province and the region under the jurisdiction. The province field information comes from the title (I .e. province) field of the province list.
In one sentence, two lists are associated.
Problem description:
When we provide solutio
no IP is required.# ifconfig Eth0 0.0.0.0# ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0# ifconfig Eth2 0.0.0.0# ifconfig Eth3 0.0.0.0Then configure the ip:192.168.1.1 for the BR0 virtual network card. That way, you can manage your network bridge remotely.# ifconfig Br0 192.168.1.1Once the IP is configured for the BR0, the Network Bridge will be able to work. Hosts within the 192.168.1.0/24 network segment can telnet to the bridge to configure them.The above configuration is a logical network segment, in fact, the Lin
certification standards installed on site.
5. What are the characteristics of UTP cable and STP cable?
At present, many users find it difficult to make a decision when choosing between installing UTP5 or STP5 cable. Many users only know that STP cable is better than UTP cable anti-interference, in fact, one of the main purposes of Europe's extensive use of STP
Brctl function: Used for the management of Ethernet bridging (bridge)The main usage is as follows:[email protected]:/# brctl--helpBusyBox v1.22.1 (2016-02-24 11:41:04 CST) multi-call binary.Usage:brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]Manage Ethernet BridgesCommands:Show show a list of bridges//display bridging informationADDBR Bridge Create bridges//Add bridged portsDELBR Bridges Delete Bridge//delete bridging portaddif Bridge IFACE add IFACE to bridge//Add binding Interface for bridging portsDelif
I. Why do I need a second layer?
1. challenges posed by virtualization to data centers
The traditional three-tier data center architecture is designed to cope with the service client-server application's vertical large traffic, and enables network administrators to manage the traffic flow. Engineers use Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in these architectures to optimize the client-to-server path and support connection redundancy.
Virtualization fundamenta
. What are the characteristics of 5, UTP Cable and STP cable? at present, many users find it difficult to make a decision when choosing between installing UTP5 or STP5 cable. Many users only know that STP cable is better than UTP cable anti-interference, in fact, one of the main purposes of Europe's extensive use of STP cable is to prevent the transmission of
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