TCP/IP protocol details volume 1 Study Notes series 3-IP Routing
Chapter 9 IP routing
This chapter describes the basis of the TCP/IP protocol cluster. IP routing ensures that the correct transmission path can be found for the datagram. If it cannot be found, the sender will
Label: TCP Linux
The IP Input Function (ipintr) will process the options after verifying the Group format (check, length, etc.) and before determining whether the group has reached the destination. This indicates that the Group
Each vro encountered and the final target host process the option to be grouped.
An IP group can contain optional fields that are processed before the group is forwarded or received.
Article Title: How to restrict a certain number of IP addresses to connect to the Internet on a linux router while preventing IP theft. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
In some systems, we want several IP addres
192.168.1.1 Single IP
192.168.1.* such proxy 192.168.1.1-192.168.1-255
192.158.1.2-20 this is representative 192.158.1.2-192.158.1.20.
It is also possible to write 192.168.1. [1|2|3]
Hehe ~ a method does not know whether the idea is thoughtful, take out everyone to discuss
Use
The following is a reference fragment:
$oBlock _ip = new Block_ip ();
$oBlock _ip->checkip ();
The following is a reference fragment:
Copy CodeThe code is as follows:
Class Bl
Read the premise: you need to know what the IP address Purpose of this chapter: to realize the mutual transfer of IP address and long type value I. Scope of APPLICATION Typically used in requirements such as login restrictions, locating IP cities, and so on, Windows's ping command also supports IP in integer form. Sec
One, about Taobao IP address library
The services we currently offer include:1. According to the IP address provided by the user, the geographic and geographic information of the IP address is quickly queried, including the state, province, city and operator.2. Users can update our service content according to their location and the
Since the use of the VPS, found that a large number of network attacks exist all the times, such as the scan port, was brute force, was guessing the background password, spam comment harassment. For some time, I have found most IP attacks from Russia and Turkey, while my site is Chinese and most of the readers come from China. So shielding the IP segment of both countries is not going to affect site access,
Automatically get IP address
First step: Activate the network card
Linux system installed after the default network card is eth0, with the following command to activate this network card.
The code is as follows
Copy Code
# ifconfig eth0 up
Step two: Set the network card to start when entering the systemIf you want to automatically get the IP address to the Internet e
Tags: source IP source mac destination IP destination macSource IP Source Mac destination IP destination mac, changes throughout the network.Local network:The 1.vlan+mac is addressed in a way that does not cross the gateway. The source IP source mac and destination
I. TCP/IP background and introductionIn the 70 's, with the development of computer technology, computers users realized that it was necessary to connect computers from all over the world to play a more important role in computer. But the simple connection is not enough, because the computer can not communicate. Therefore, the design of a common "language" to communicate is necessary to be less, then the TCP/IP
IfconfigRouteIpIP routeOne, ifconfig command (view or configure IP)1. View Network Connections# ifconfig \ Show all active connections, not packet-disabled devicesOr# IFCONFIG-A \ Show all active and inactive connectionsDisplays the connection for the specified interface# ifconfig Eth12. Configure IP Address# ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.Or# ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.1/243. Enable or disable
label: des style blog HTTP uses AR data SP Div
IP首部内有三个字段实现分片和重装:标识字段(ip_id)、标志字段(ip_off的3个高位比特)和偏移字段(ip_off的13个低位
比特)。标志字段由3个1bit标志组成。比特0是保留的必须为0,;比特1是“不分片”(DF)标志;比特2是“很多其它分片”(MF)标志。
Net/3中,标志和偏移字段结合起来,由ip_off訪问,例如以所看到的:
ip_off的其它13bit指出在原始数据报内分片的位置,以8字节为单位计算。因此,除最后一个分片外,其它的分片都希望是一个
8字节倍数的数据,从而使后面的分片从8字节边界開始。显示了在原始数据报内的字节偏移关系,以及在分片的IP首部内
分片的偏移。
除最后一个分片外,设置了其余分片的MF比特。
ip_id唯一地标识某个特定数据报的分片。源系统用同样的源地址(ip_sr
I have written several functions, and the IP blacklist is recorded in the library. for ease of understanding, I changed it to a class to write the IP blacklist. 192.168.1.1 single IP address
192.168.1. * proxy 192.168.1.1-192.168.1-255
192.158.1.2-20 represents 192.158.1.2-192.158.1.20
You can also write 192.168.1. [1 | 2 | 3]
Hey hey ~ I don't know whether the i
1. What is the command to get an IP address automatically? Do you know under what circumstances your Linux can automatically obtain an IP address?A: (1) Use the Dhclient command in Linux to obtain an available IP address from the DHCP server(2) First, the need to activate the network card eth0; second, if Linux is a virtual machine, then you need to set up the ne
IP datagram Header highest bit on the left, recorded as 0 bit, the lowest bit on the right, recorded as a bitVersion:4 bits, refers to the IP protocol version of the current IP protocol version number is 4 (that is, IPV4)Header Length:4 bits, the maximum value that can be represented is 15 units (4 bytes in one unit) so the maximum of the first ministerial degree
One NIC can choose different IP according to the network environmentSometimes we encounter a situation where, when participating in a company project, the network environment does not have a DHCP service, the IP configuration must be specified manually, and when we go home from work, we must change the IP configuration in order to properly surf the internet. In f
IP sharding, ip sharding
When the data exceeds the maximum byte allowed at the underlying layer (A 1514-byte Ethernet frame, 14-byte Ethernet header, 20-byte IP header, UDP8/TCP20, the maximum size of the IP packet is 1500 = MTU each time. Remove 1472 bytes of UDP valid data from the protocol header, and 1460 bytes of
This method is not efficient. If it is used in the WEB, you can use this method if it is rarely used. If it is commonly used, it is recommended to use the IP library.Copy codeThe Code is as follows:# Region # obtain the real IP address and location details/// /// Obtain the real IP address and location details (Porschev)/// /// Public string GetIpDetails (){Strin
The reserved IP address and the Assigned reserved IP address are all managed by an organization named IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. IP addresses can be divided into public addresses and private addresses based on their purposes and security levels. Public addresses are used in the Internet and can be accessed freely on the Internet. Private addresses
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