tcp ip illustrated

TcpTCP is a connection-oriented communication protocol, the connection is established through three handshake, the communication is completed to remove the connection, because TCP is connection-oriented so can only be used for end-to-end communication.TCP provides a reliable data flow service, using "positive confirmation with retransmission" technology to achieve the reliability of transmission. TCP also u

Among the networks, we are most worried about security vulnerabilities. Most Internet users are still using IPv4 networks. In this version, the network protocol is based on the tcp ip protocol. What are the vulnerabilities in this protocol family? Currently, the tcp ip protocol is used on the Internet. The

pipe, which is composed of different water pipes of different thickness (different MTU). The maximum water volume of the pipe is determined by the finest water pipe in the middle. For upper-layer protocols at the network layer (here, the TCP/IP protocol family is used as an example), they do not care about the width of the "water pipe". They think this is a thing at the network layer. The Network Layer

ARP part IP ICMP UDP part TCP Section 1. UDP IntroductionUDP is a simple datagram-oriented transport layer protocol. Each output operation of a process generates a UDP datagram and assembles it into an IP datagram to be sent. This is different from the stream-oriented character protocol, such as TCP. The full data gen

The network is divided from bottom to topThe physical layer, the data link layer, the network layer, the Transport layer, the session layer, the presentation layer, and the application layer.With a preliminary understanding, I know that the IP protocol corresponds to the network layer, the TCP protocol corresponds to the transport layer, and the HTTP protocol corresponds to the application layer,The three a

/proc/sys/net DirectoryAll TCP/IP parameters are located in the/proc/sys/net directory (note that modifications to the contents of the/proc/sys/net directory are temporary and any modifications are lost after the system restarts), such as the following important parameters: parameters (Path + files) Describe Default value Optimized values /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_de

This parameter indicates that the operating system allows the maximum number of time_wait sockets, and if this number is exceeded, the time_wait socket is immediately cleared and a warning message is printed. By default 180000, too many time_wait sockets can slow down the Web server.Net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1000The default value is 1, which uses selective ack, it can be used to find a specific missing datagram---and therefore helps to recover the status quickly.Net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1This fil

TCP/IP Study Notes (6)-UDP Protocol 1. Brief Introduction to UDP UDP is a transport layer protocol, which is in a layer with TCP protocol. However, unlike TCP, UDP does not provide timeout retransmission, error retransmission, and other functions, that is, it is an unreliable protocol.2. UDP header 2.1.udp port number

Compare the ping commands of tnsping and TCP/IP of Orale: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Oracle Net tool (command) tnsping is an OSI Session Layer tool used: 1) Verify the name resolution (name resolution, of course, the name of the Oracle Network Service) 2) whether the remote listener is enabled In terms of verifying the above two features, it is a handy tool

TCP/IP makes the world a global village The TCP Connection established by the TCPIP protocol is terminated on the earth. Humans are very small and distributed in every corner of the world. With the development of science and technology, people can now easily communicate with their loved ones and friends thousands of miles away in real time to get and share what

The layer-7 network consists of the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transmission layer, Session Layer, presentation layer, and application layer.The physical layer, data link layer, and network layer are usually called media layers, which are the objects of network engineers;The transport layer, Session Layer, presentation layer, and application layer are called the host layer, which are user-oriented and concerned content. The HTTP protocol corresponds to the application layer.

The network is divided from bottom to top : correspondingPhysical Layer--Data Link layer--Network Layer--IP protocolTransport Layer--TCP protocolSession Layer--presentation layer and Application Layer-HTTP protocolThe socket is the encapsulation and application of the TCP/IP protocol (at the programmer level). It can a

1. TCP connectionTCP (transmission Control Protocol) transmission protocol. TCP is the host-to-host layer of the Transmission Control Protocol, providing a reliable connection service, using three-time handshake confirmation to establish a connection. The bit code is the TCP flag bit, there are 6 kinds of marking: SYN (synchronous set up) ACK (acknowledgement ack

Life was not a rehearsal"No rehearsal in life."reference : TCP/IP Primer Classic (fifth edition)TCP/IP Detailed Volume One: protocolFirst, what is TCP/IPTCP/IP is a family of protocols that define network data transfer rules, and

ArticleDirectory Maximum number of TCP connections per single IP Address Maximum number of TCP connections per single IP Address Category: TCP/IP In a TCP applica

, FDDI Data link layer, ATM (asynchronous Transfer mode, asynchronous Transfer Mode), IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring), frame Relay (Frame relay) Network Layer : Responsible for routing data packets between subnets. In addition, the network layer can also realize congestion control, Internet interconnection and other functions. Packet, pack. Typical protocol representative: IP, ICMP, IGMP, IPX, BGP, OSPF, RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, ARP, RARP, x. Transport Layer (Tr

TCP/IP three-way handshake and four-way handshake Dos attacks, tcpdosStatus chart of TCP ConnectionThree handshakes of TCP connection establishment and four handshakes of closing connectionPaste a telnet command to establish a connection. If the connection is disconnected, use the packet captured by wireshark.1. Establ

TCP/IP and HTTP are not understood. After reading this article, the network knowledge is all understood Preface Before writing, first give this article a clear positioning, after reading this article, I hope you can: For the computer network has a preliminary understanding and understanding of some classic terminology, such as three times handshake, four waves, the meaning of DNS resolution. Learn about a

Doc1:/proc/sys/net DirectoryAll TCP/IP parameters are located in the/proc/sys/net directory (note that modifications to the contents of the/proc/sys/net directory are temporary and any modifications are lost after the system restarts), such as the following important parameters: parameters (Path + files) Describe Default value Optimized values

The structure and operation principle of TCP/IP Protocol Background: www.2cto.com TCP/IP model is successful, and its design has been able to withstand years of training. However, the TCP/IP protocol family is a complicated model.